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Today we have lecture 3 in lecture 3 we will
discuss about the overall housing situation

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in our country we have basically 3 parts to
describe the housing situation.

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First we will discuss the housing gab or shortage
next we will discuss some typical characteristics

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and then finally we will discuss few issues
and concerns based on this issues and concern

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the our hole discussion on the housing policy
and planning will depend so let us start with

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the housing gab and shortage you know that
India second most populous country in the

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world after china and we have almost 130 cores
of population.

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And major of this postulation does not have
livable house as per the government data we

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have right now almost 20 million 

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shortage now this 20 million housing shortage
these are based on various calculation shortage

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calculation given by the government departments
and also other departments now what does it

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mean this 20 million housing shortage it means
that in urban area and rural area.

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In urban area 1 out 6 % does not have livable
house out of 6% 1% does not have any livable

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house in rural area it is 1 out 10% that does
not have livable house that is the overall

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situation now how what are the types of this
shortage how it is calculated what type of

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shortage is at there now this let us see that
this shortage is based on basically 3 parameter

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one is you know that there are various people
how are basically living on the streets who

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are surviving on the steers or the open public
land who are basically termed as homeless.

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They are basically serving on streets railway
stations in the bust terminals without any

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proper shelter second part ort the second
group of people who have the house but those

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are obstacle or dilapidated 
that means those houses are in a condition

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or in structural condition 
which may occur which may cause any time any

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disaster or nay damage to the property so
some time sit is called as unserviceable Kutch

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structure you recall my last days lecture
that there are there three types of house

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based on the structural quality one is kutcha
another is semi pucca and puccar so within

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the kutcha there are some structures which
is unserviceable.

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Because they are dilapidated or obstacle that
is I why those are counted under the shortage

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second part 3rd there are house mostly in
the slums or in quarters where people stay

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together more than 1 family stay together
which causes congestion, now how congestion

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is defined, as per the government of India
the congestion is defined in a room if there

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is more than two family or if more than one
family with another adult person in the same

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room that time in that cases those are called
congestion factor and thus congestion factor

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will cause need for another new house and
this from this congestion factor it will increase

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the housing shortage.

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So congestion factor is nothing but the amount
of housing need coming from the families where

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more than one family is living in a same room
or same house so that is the congestion factor

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so homelessness house obsolesces and congestion
factor these three criteria’s they make

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this house in shortage and not only that based
on this is the present shortage what we have

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discussed based on the population increase.

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We have to satisfy the house for the future
population so there will be some additional

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future need of house 
therefore the future need of the house and

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the current need which is trying to million
the actually nee of the house in much more

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than we and usage so that is the housing gap
or housing shortage in total, now let us see

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that what are the basic characteristic of
this housing shortage in India.

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What are the characteristic or major cleans
or direction off this shortage firstly there

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are various types of disparate in this shortage
for example urban and rural.

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the urban houses are pakka sometimes unauthorized
sometimes having more congestion more congested

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areas slung and squatter and also the rate
of the homelessness is more there rather than

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in rural area there are homelessness situation
is much lesser but this structural conditions

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are poor structurally they will own their
own land whereas in urban area they sometime

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do not own the land specially in slums and
squatters.

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Therefore the urban areas the number wise
it is one out o0f 6 and in rural areas it

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is 1 out of 10 house does not have any livable
house, second descript and see or the characteristics

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of the housing features in India is the supply
and demand mismatch.

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You know that housing provision is sometimes
categorized based on the economic group I

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discussed last day lecture in the lecture
2 so those are basically HIG higher income

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group.

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MIG, LIG and EWF now the 20 million housing
shortage which is discussed if you discuss

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the 20 million housing shortage the amount
of shortage for EWF and LIG lower income group

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it will 96% and it will be only 4|%,

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so this is very strikingly striking figure
which we should keep in mind before going

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into any discussion, on the other hand if
we see the supply how the markets supply the

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housing.

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This supply of housing is more here around
85% and roughly 505 so you can see the discrepancy

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whereas they have less amount of requirement
in terms of percentage but they get maximum

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house they have the more number of requirement
but they get less house in terms of the supply

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so that is the supply given mismatch that
is very important part in housing situation

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of India, 3rd is the housing situation.

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Housing development in India primarily is
plotted house.

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Mostly we built our house we buy a plot we
make our house and this is the predominantly

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more practices we see in urban areas as well
as rural area, so private plotted and individual

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these are the predominant state of practice
in India however in urban areas you will find

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a trend towards more development of group
housing where more people will stay together

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in multi solid apartments and we will share
the land cost share the main infrastructure

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cost to stay close to a city.

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That is imager characteristics of the Indian
housing situation and there are many other

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situations like land in India the land is
very scares it is not very much available

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especially in bigger cities Mumbai, Kolkata,
Delhi you will find or many other bigger cities

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we will find that the purchasing of one piece
of land will cost cores of money so you cannot

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as a person as a common person as a common
man as an individual person it is very difficult

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sometimes it is impossible or near to impossible
to purchase a land.

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So therefore, the land available for the individual
person is very, very unaffordable on the other

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hand land the bigger persons of the land which
are sometimes uncommon in urban areas unless

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government takes care of the land assembly
or their acquire the land and provide the

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land to the private developer.

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So that is the situation of the land so that
is the so it is scarce and unless you plan

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it you manage it you assemble it the large
chunk of lands special in the urban areas

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or around the urban areas is not that much
very much available for the housing that is

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the most important challenge in housing sector
in India.

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Fifth part is the delivery of the housing
based on the construction method mostly in

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Indian condition the construction is done
at the site using the traditional age hold

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construction process for example the beams
column and the load barring worlds and also

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local practices are there but this method
are predominantly basically are basically

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slow method, slow how much slow usually generally
a full a group housing project takes roughly

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3 to 4 or sometimes 5 years times for the
construction and completion.

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Whereas there are technologies available where
you can construct the house within even one

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year, so one major characteristics of the
construction method currently we are applying

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in the housing sector that it is mostly labor
oriented skilled, unskilled and semi skill

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labors are employed here they get the job
that is why we are continuing this but there

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are I mean opportunities and predominant programs
we will come one by one next lecture that

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where you will find that within few times
there will be few technologies where we will

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be able to deliver a house within very short
period of time like one year or 1.5 years.

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Then we come to few more characteristics like
the affordability and finance now since I

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have told the LIG and EWS people lower income
group people and economical weaker section

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people they have 96% of the total housing
shortage.

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On the other hand, they have very low affordability
because the money they earn per day they usually

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spend for their daily living food and other
basic requirement.

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So after that only they have very few amount
of money which they can spend for their housing.

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So this lower affordability of the towards
the housing for the lower income group and

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economical weaker section is very, very important
phenomenon in Indian situation that is why

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you will find in cities various slumps, squatter
settlement, payment velars, the shutty, bustheis,

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chawals, gogijobries, these are all manifestation
of their lower affordability to afford a formal

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house to afford a normal livable house because
they are earning is very less whereas the

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shortage is very high 96% apart from this
Indian housing situation is characterized

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by various different kind of properties like
if you recall our discussion from the last

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lecture where we discussed various typology
house like say.

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Organic plant and informal 
so within the plant options which we discussed

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last day that the private developers house
government developers house co operative housing

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rental housing employees housing the supply
in the categories of rental housing 

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is very less, the housing shortage which I
discussed and showed it is basically based

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on the shortage in terms of the family but
there are situation that single person or

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a single person with his son or daughter they
are saying in city with a small apartment

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those kind of housing shortage was never estimated
and this is a great requirement there is a

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great requirement in our cities to create
those kind of housing shortage.

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Like rental housing a person might be coming
to a bigger city from a smaller city or village

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for their job or any purpose and he may not
afford it bigger apartment or bigger house

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on the other hand he may rental he may get
a apartment small apartment on rent for a

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short duration say therefore the non family
housing need 

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is less taken care in our country, so when
you made the policy for the housing the non

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family housing need should be taken care.

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Next day when we discuss the profession or
the planning intervention government intervention

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that time you will see that I will discuss
that recently government has made a tough

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force to make a housing policy for rental
housing that means the focus from the family

00:17:44.970 --> 00:17:52.149
based housing need to the non family and the
low duration housing need is being given preference

00:17:52.149 --> 00:17:57.470
where the Government of India, that is another
very important part of the housing situation

00:17:57.470 --> 00:17:58.580
in India.

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Now based on the housing situation now what
are the key issues so basic key issues is

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number one if we see the 
so this issues and problems will get a direction

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give a direction for the further discussion
of the policies and planning so number one

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is the shortage which I discussed is increasing
ever increasing from 60’s 70’s 80’s

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90’s it is not coming down, so therefore
the inherencies that the supply and our shortage

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is not balancing we are short of this apply
then the requirement.

00:18:53.720 --> 00:19:02.580
Number two the mismatch, mismatch I discussed
mismatch between the income group and the

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supply, supply demand mismatch between the
urban and rural mismatch between the requirement

00:19:08.760 --> 00:19:13.710
of the non family house and the supply less
supply of the non family house those are the

00:19:13.710 --> 00:19:19.799
mismatch this mismatch is need to be taken
care of, the third issue which we should also

00:19:19.799 --> 00:19:38.930
discussed is the land and finance when we
talk about the finance it is individual finance

00:19:38.930 --> 00:19:45.320
of the people with that the people can buy
house buy a apartment and also it is the institution

00:19:45.320 --> 00:19:53.049
of finance with that a developer a small developer
can develop project a developing a housing

00:19:53.049 --> 00:19:59.139
projects so both these are very important
crucial issue of in terms of availability

00:19:59.139 --> 00:20:17.840
in India that will discuss one by one and
fifth our governments or operation, delivery

00:20:17.840 --> 00:20:28.740
and which is related to your technology etc.
which is very slow, which is slow in a particular

00:20:28.740 --> 00:20:32.460
year, in a particular government organization,
housing board or development authority.

00:20:32.460 --> 00:20:36.450
Then we are not able to cape up to the need
of the local people.

00:20:36.450 --> 00:20:40.630
So these are the issues which will guide us,
which will basically give a frame.

00:20:40.630 --> 00:20:47.430
Which will give you a kind of a window through
which we can study the housing policies and

00:20:47.430 --> 00:20:48.580
the planning and.

00:20:48.580 --> 00:20:51.720
We can discuss and analyze.

00:20:51.720 --> 00:21:00.420
Now let us see the some slides to summaries
whatever we have discussed so far, so in this

00:21:00.420 --> 00:21:05.590
slide you can see how the housing shortage
have is increasing ever increasing,

00:21:05.590 --> 00:21:10.299
Only for the rural housing shortage it is
still there maintain horizontally.

00:21:10.299 --> 00:21:15.250
But otherwise the total housing for the total
housing and the urban housing it is ever increasing

00:21:15.250 --> 00:21:20.240
and as on 2001 it is it was around 24 million.

00:21:20.240 --> 00:21:26.669
Right now it is about 22 to 24 million as
on varies data.

00:21:26.669 --> 00:21:32.919
So out of in one household does not have house
in the rural areas whereas in urban areas,

00:21:32.919 --> 00:21:37.780
One out of fixed household they do not have
any livable house that is the situation.

00:21:37.780 --> 00:21:40.890
This is the most important significant mismatch
in Indian condition.

00:21:40.890 --> 00:21:44.970
I already discussed you can see this is the
shortage,

00:21:44.970 --> 00:21:46.730
And this is the market supply.

00:21:46.730 --> 00:21:52.159
This is the shortage for the economical U
curve section, and LIG this is the shortage

00:21:52.159 --> 00:21:53.740
for the MIG and HIG.

00:21:53.740 --> 00:21:59.549
Where is the market supply is more for this,
this group, and this is very bigger for this

00:21:59.549 --> 00:22:00.549
group.

00:22:00.549 --> 00:22:04.889
That is why this is very important in this
match, now urban rural disparity, supply demand

00:22:04.889 --> 00:22:07.170
mismatch, non familiar housing unit.

00:22:07.170 --> 00:22:13.580
We have already discussed and diverse construction
practices in India we have now traditional

00:22:13.580 --> 00:22:16.630
constructional practice based on the varies
geographic area.

00:22:16.630 --> 00:22:21.929
We have several states, several different
geographical location climatic regions.

00:22:21.929 --> 00:22:27.809
So we have diverse construction practices
here describing a single construction prescribing

00:22:27.809 --> 00:22:34.659
a single technology or design may not match
may not be purposeful for our housing need

00:22:34.659 --> 00:22:37.630
or hosing supply.

00:22:37.630 --> 00:22:42.519
So we have predominantly plotted housing but
in cities we have now cities are going towards

00:22:42.519 --> 00:22:46.830
more to group housing and multi compacted
houses.

00:22:46.830 --> 00:22:52.280
Affordability issues are there land crunch
I have told you and then government priority.

00:22:52.280 --> 00:22:56.659
Since housing is the basic need for the people
apart from the food and the clothes housing

00:22:56.659 --> 00:23:00.509
is the third or the next important basic need.

00:23:00.509 --> 00:23:06.720
There are always attentions by the government
and right now government has laughed varies

00:23:06.720 --> 00:23:09.860
schemes for the housing that we will discuss
one by one.

00:23:09.860 --> 00:23:15.631
So based on these characters, characteristics
we have identified few issues which we have

00:23:15.631 --> 00:23:18.909
discussed already one first issue which is
incremental shortage.

00:23:18.909 --> 00:23:25.630
Incremental which is not reducing multiple
levels of multiple types of disparity are

00:23:25.630 --> 00:23:26.630
there.

00:23:26.630 --> 00:23:32.020
The length supply making land available and
it's management in the city level how we disable

00:23:32.020 --> 00:23:37.120
how we get the land how we distribute the
land that is always the issue to making finance

00:23:37.120 --> 00:23:43.659
available finance for individual housing finance
for the institutional for the project both

00:23:43.659 --> 00:23:48.690
are issues in the India and the technology
and the floor delivery which we discussed

00:23:48.690 --> 00:23:52.260
there also it is the most important issue.

00:23:52.260 --> 00:23:55.790
These are the major issues apart from these
there are varies problem are associated.

00:23:55.790 --> 00:24:01.530
We will discuss about one by one and based
on these there are varies interventions in

00:24:01.530 --> 00:24:09.030
terms of problem and guide lines government
of India they have come up and from last 20

00:24:09.030 --> 00:24:14.630
or 30 years or even before the governments
idea outlook towards housing has changed a

00:24:14.630 --> 00:24:19.570
lot so that we will discuss in the next section
next lecture with the government intervention

00:24:19.570 --> 00:24:26.830
in the house housing we will see the after
the independence how 50s 60s 70s 80s 90s.

00:24:26.830 --> 00:24:33.320
And now how we have changed from a provision
mode to facility mode to market mode we are

00:24:33.320 --> 00:24:39.559
encouraging the private developer or the financer
to come up and deliver more housing than that

00:24:39.559 --> 00:24:46.309
I will discuss in the next day so next lecture
will be on policy and public invention part

00:24:46.309 --> 00:24:51.120
I this may take several lecture so first part
we will discuss in next day thank you.

00:24:51.120 --> 00:24:51.200
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