WEBVTT Kind: captions Language: en 00:00:18.820 --> 00:00:26.590 Hello, last day last lecture we discourses about the public intervention in housing till 00:00:26.590 --> 00:00:27.590 90’s. 00:00:27.590 --> 00:00:32.430 We have seen that various problems and issues where faced by the government of India and 00:00:32.430 --> 00:00:37.890 also the state government we achieve the goal of housing for all. 00:00:37.890 --> 00:00:46.470 So today will have a quick look at the barriers are the problems faced in last 4, 5 decades 00:00:46.470 --> 00:00:54.940 till 90’s and what are the various interventions done by the government of India so for till 00:00:54.940 --> 00:01:05.140 the latest time that is 2015 or 16 so this all points we will discuss last day which 00:01:05.140 --> 00:01:09.970 are the major barriers and issues faced by the government of India. 00:01:09.970 --> 00:01:16.640 Housing affordability, speedier technology and system availability of land, institutional 00:01:16.640 --> 00:01:24.490 and policy framework building materials skilled and unskilled labor availability in the housing 00:01:24.490 --> 00:01:33.909 construction so after facing all this problems and barriers government tried to improvise 00:01:33.909 --> 00:01:40.079 slowly and came off with different type of program after 90’s till this time and which 00:01:40.079 --> 00:01:48.770 are basically in major change in the approach and out look towards housing till the 90’s 00:01:48.770 --> 00:01:52.869 and after then 90’s. 00:01:52.869 --> 00:02:00.540 So this pictures we say last day till this point we discussed in today will have a discussion 00:02:00.540 --> 00:02:10.810 till 2015 what would happen after that in 90’s now you can see that in the year 2000 00:02:10.810 --> 00:02:15.910 several programs like. 00:02:15.910 --> 00:02:27.880 Nehru Rozgar Yojana came here government of India they consider are they understood that 00:02:27.880 --> 00:02:34.449 housing is not our house it is essentially a very important part and linked with the 00:02:34.449 --> 00:02:44.850 livelihood are the Rogar so they indicated the Rozgar Yojana with the shelter profession 00:02:44.850 --> 00:02:55.140 later on this program emerge to SJSRY Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana which is nothing 00:02:55.140 --> 00:03:02.609 that but livelihood or income generation activity in the cell group in the urban areas which 00:03:02.609 --> 00:03:06.310 is also link with the basics advisor and the housing. 00:03:06.310 --> 00:03:19.980 So this program came in the year of 2000 in 1990 between 90 and 2000 many other programs 00:03:19.980 --> 00:03:30.549 came like urban basic service for the poor in this program the main objective of the 00:03:30.549 --> 00:03:45.150 program was to provide basics services without this mainly in the building without removing 00:03:45.150 --> 00:03:50.799 in the building without resettling the housing or slums as such providing basic services 00:03:50.799 --> 00:03:51.970 for the poor. 00:03:51.970 --> 00:04:00.630 This program came the next one is the natural housing policy. 00:04:00.630 --> 00:04:10.100 This is revised based on this policy will discusses after one lecture all the natural 00:04:10.100 --> 00:04:13.760 housing policies together we will discusses. 00:04:13.760 --> 00:04:19.220 But today we are just touching upon the policies that why it was required revised. 00:04:19.220 --> 00:04:24.030 So basically it wanted to have a comprehensive approached in housing provision in urban rural 00:04:24.030 --> 00:04:35.870 areas of the country the next which was done by the government is the NSDP natural slum 00:04:35.870 --> 00:04:43.940 developing project which is the extension of the basic services projects plus the basic 00:04:43.940 --> 00:04:56.770 services plus the essential amenities like community center are the school all the health 00:04:56.770 --> 00:04:57.770 facility. 00:04:57.770 --> 00:05:10.450 So this natural slum development project also came up during this time further in 1998 2 00:05:10.450 --> 00:05:17.880 million housing problem came housing program. 00:05:17.880 --> 00:05:26.700 Whose basic objective was to achieve housing for all but it was not sufficient only to 00:05:26.700 --> 00:05:32.230 take a 2 million housing program but it was essential to incorporate various reform and 00:05:32.230 --> 00:05:38.020 private sector to deliver the housing which came after that the next decade that we will 00:05:38.020 --> 00:05:48.180 discuss and after that also the in 1998 the natural housing and habited policy. 00:05:48.180 --> 00:05:54.960 Habited policy also came in 1998 during this decade so in this decade government experimented 00:05:54.960 --> 00:06:03.710 with the side based basic hard vicious driven housing approach with the live butte linkage 00:06:03.710 --> 00:06:10.770 and the target of overall housing for all by creating 2 million housing program and 00:06:10.770 --> 00:06:19.860 revising the natural housing policy and natural housing habited policy in 1994 and 1998. 00:06:19.860 --> 00:06:29.030 So after during this decade government who realize that probably the housing provision 00:06:29.030 --> 00:06:34.310 by the schemes and programs is not sufficient by the government it is not sufficient unless 00:06:34.310 --> 00:06:40.060 we bring some changes in the supply and the demand side intervention like land fiancé 00:06:40.060 --> 00:06:42.400 enabling the private developer etc. 00:06:42.400 --> 00:06:56.200 That is why after 2000 onwards government came up with separate 00:06:56.200 --> 00:07:01.120 programs along with the deforms that is the decade from 2000 to 2010 we have seen the 00:07:01.120 --> 00:07:08.530 large size very big size programs and schemes which is also coupled and attached with the 00:07:08.530 --> 00:07:10.380 reforms that will discuss now. 00:07:10.380 --> 00:07:23.340 See the first program was the scheme was the November 2001 that is VAMBAY the objective 00:07:23.340 --> 00:07:30.730 of this JOJONA was to provide the house for the slum population in urban area for very 00:07:30.730 --> 00:07:35.389 minimum affordable price laze like 30000 to 40000 rupees for each house hold. 00:07:35.389 --> 00:07:42.850 That was VAMBAY project so after the VAMBAY project taking clue from the earlier decades 00:07:42.850 --> 00:07:49.150 NSDP and UBC project government consider that we should go for the comprehensive program 00:07:49.150 --> 00:08:02.160 and then the deluxe program and that the name of January 2005 scheme which is a JNNURM. 00:08:02.160 --> 00:08:24.330 so, this program came with objective of providing basic service for the poor and also urban 00:08:24.330 --> 00:08:34.079 and infrastructure that different between to this two component this is basic services 00:08:34.079 --> 00:08:35.380 for the poor. 00:08:35.380 --> 00:08:42.250 Including the housing and basic services is am to for the poor people of the city whereas 00:08:42.250 --> 00:08:48.089 the urban infrastructure is aim to the other population except the poor or as a whole for 00:08:48.089 --> 00:08:49.089 the city. 00:08:49.089 --> 00:08:54.050 So the JNNURM was the major flaxseed bigger program. 00:08:54.050 --> 00:09:01.400 Which was emphasized by the government of India, the major points or major achievements 00:09:01.400 --> 00:09:13.400 or characteristics of JNNURM was that it was comprehensive in nature, for their first time 00:09:13.400 --> 00:09:21.800 they told that all the schemes individual scheme likes NSDP, UBSP all this scheme are 00:09:21.800 --> 00:09:26.290 super seeded those all no longer exciting in the place of the scheme we are going to 00:09:26.290 --> 00:09:32.320 launch a program called JNNURM and hear every city every state government they has to make 00:09:32.320 --> 00:09:39.330 a comprehensive plan of their comprehensive plan of their housing and infrastructure. 00:09:39.330 --> 00:09:59.330 And that it called, so the basic change in the JNNURM was that the scheme driven from 00:09:59.330 --> 00:10:06.180 the abysmal approach driven strategy to a comprehensive strategy through the repetition 00:10:06.180 --> 00:10:11.330 of city development plan and then come to the indusial projects all region scheme that 00:10:11.330 --> 00:10:19.580 is the different which was achieved during the JNNURM, now you know that in 1992 after 00:10:19.580 --> 00:10:29.500 this 74th constitutional averments act the in 1992 - 74 CAA ACT. 00:10:29.500 --> 00:10:37.260 The basic planning job was signed to urban local bodies but they were not doing but after 00:10:37.260 --> 00:10:47.450 this JNNURM in 2005 they made this city development plan with the help of the government and they 00:10:47.450 --> 00:10:59.020 came up with various projects, so this plan is follow by various projects. 00:10:59.020 --> 00:11:04.490 So that is the uniqueness of the JNNURM another very important element in the JNNURM was that 00:11:04.490 --> 00:11:11.020 the whole program is linked with various Reform. 00:11:11.020 --> 00:11:22.520 We discuss the reform is nothing but the organizational discipline. 00:11:22.520 --> 00:11:28.940 So it was consider that without the reformed at the organizational level at the policy 00:11:28.940 --> 00:11:35.290 level or at the government level no programs or no plan can be achieve that we why the 00:11:35.290 --> 00:11:37.420 reform the sores attached with this. 00:11:37.420 --> 00:11:41.010 In the next lecture we will come with the detail discussion of the reform that is why 00:11:41.010 --> 00:11:44.690 you were not going in the very details part of the JNNURM. 00:11:44.690 --> 00:11:52.170 But JNNURM was very important in terms of its comprehensive in approach its achievement 00:11:52.170 --> 00:11:57.830 for making the city development plan for the first time for all the city across the country 00:11:57.830 --> 00:12:02.790 and also achieving substantial basic various for the poor and urban infrastructure and 00:12:02.790 --> 00:12:04.690 in our cities and urban areas. 00:12:04.690 --> 00:12:14.190 That was a JNNURM period following the JNNURM another program came in the year of 2009 is 00:12:14.190 --> 00:12:29.110 called Yojana in this program the basic different 00:12:29.110 --> 00:12:38.709 between the Rajiv Awas Yojana or in short RAY was that while JNNURM approach for overall 00:12:38.709 --> 00:12:43.640 improvement of the city including the urban poor their housing in basic services you can 00:12:43.640 --> 00:12:48.930 see this two basic component was basic service for the poor and urban infrastructure for 00:12:48.930 --> 00:12:50.110 the whole city. 00:12:50.110 --> 00:12:56.310 But in Awas I was Yojana it is completely focus on the this shelter be housing and the 00:12:56.310 --> 00:13:04.130 approach which Rajiv Awas Yojana took after JNNURM which is significant different in the 00:13:04.130 --> 00:13:08.500 approach it is that it took the approach. 00:13:08.500 --> 00:13:33.390 That whole city in JNNURM only the beneficial who had the land owner ship they got the benefit 00:13:33.390 --> 00:13:38.810 of the programs but those poor’s who did not of the owner their owner ship of the land 00:13:38.810 --> 00:13:44.170 did not get the ownership, but Rajiv Awas Yojana it was say that the program only for 00:13:44.170 --> 00:14:07.899 the whole city, all slums and within the slum whole slum and so that you can prepared slum 00:14:07.899 --> 00:14:09.670 free city plane. 00:14:09.670 --> 00:14:15.550 Basically it is the plan showing the all detailed description of the existing slums and the 00:14:15.550 --> 00:14:23.899 other housing typologies and plan for every each and slum times wise that was basically 00:14:23.899 --> 00:14:25.850 Moto of the Rajiv Awas Yojana. 00:14:25.850 --> 00:14:29.860 Another very, very important part of the Rajiv Awas Yojana was that in the first time in 00:14:29.860 --> 00:14:36.170 India after the independents organists to create different type of housing to meet get 00:14:36.170 --> 00:14:38.740 of the prevent the future information. 00:14:38.740 --> 00:14:44.730 Basically what about do you this palm it is plan in JNNURM and other programs basically 00:14:44.730 --> 00:14:57.680 we did for the exertive palms as a curative strategy, so 00:14:57.680 --> 00:15:02.140 curative strategy where able various there, were about the poor people population there, 00:15:02.140 --> 00:15:08.640 why are tried to higher redevelop the slum either resistive the slum are upgrade are 00:15:08.640 --> 00:15:10.740 improve their condition. 00:15:10.740 --> 00:15:26.730 But here for the first time, the proposed same preventive strategy they told that the 00:15:26.730 --> 00:15:31.542 slum formation which is also effect of the aggression and the migrated people do get 00:15:31.542 --> 00:15:38.540 the affordable houses in the city that is why they are sometimes compel to make the 00:15:38.540 --> 00:15:39.810 slums this quarter. 00:15:39.810 --> 00:15:51.470 So, unless we make some prevent action like creating the rental housing this slum populations 00:15:51.470 --> 00:15:55.140 are some problem will not be reviewed only wield creating actions. 00:15:55.140 --> 00:16:00.620 So therefore in the Yojana the curative and preventive strategy both are very, very important 00:16:00.620 --> 00:16:08.760 which was consider in Rajiv Awas Yojana, another very important strategy in there Rajiv Awas 00:16:08.760 --> 00:16:17.730 Yojana was taken by the government was that. 00:16:17.730 --> 00:16:33.640 It was considered the existing situations of the slums under the slum free city plan 00:16:33.640 --> 00:16:39.490 every city support to make the detail study of the existing situations and best of the 00:16:39.490 --> 00:16:44.680 existing situation in terms of structural quality land tenure their service quantity 00:16:44.680 --> 00:16:59.700 everything they have to higher come to conclusion that it can be an onsite or offsite. 00:16:59.700 --> 00:17:22.320 So it can view on site up gradation, improvement or it can be redevelopment, whereas there 00:17:22.320 --> 00:17:28.980 may be some settlements and most of the, here it was told that our approach will be to achieve 00:17:28.980 --> 00:17:33.500 onsite development or up gradation for as possible. 00:17:33.500 --> 00:17:39.119 It the land tenure land ownership is not there for a people so government to will try to 00:17:39.119 --> 00:17:45.100 having land sharing methodology to create the onsite developing project. 00:17:45.100 --> 00:17:52.239 But where the settlement or slums are lying in a dangerous or disasters like cannel found 00:17:52.239 --> 00:18:00.119 of the railway tracks or the disaster found area where there can on those kind of situation 00:18:00.119 --> 00:18:07.340 the offsite resettlement could be throughout. 00:18:07.340 --> 00:18:13.580 So that was very important approach in Rajiv Awas Yojana that coming forming resettlement 00:18:13.580 --> 00:18:19.669 revaluation mode it was the emphasis given on the onsite up gradation and redevelopment 00:18:19.669 --> 00:18:20.950 of the slums. 00:18:20.950 --> 00:18:31.359 So that was in short the element of the JNNURM and RAY after that government also came off 00:18:31.359 --> 00:18:41.221 with the strategy of the joined ventures like they came of the with affordable housing Policy 00:18:41.221 --> 00:18:47.159 (AHP). 00:18:47.159 --> 00:19:03.509 Affordable housing with partnership, here public and 00:19:03.509 --> 00:19:15.870 both can be partnership, public and provide the land and finance in this mechanism various 00:19:15.870 --> 00:19:25.600 projects were the built during 2005 JNNURM period 2009 this time maximum project were 00:19:25.600 --> 00:19:30.210 belt across the country in public private partnership which to the called affordable 00:19:30.210 --> 00:19:31.399 in the partnership. 00:19:31.399 --> 00:19:36.620 So that it is very important change in the can ambary housing planning or strategies 00:19:36.620 --> 00:19:38.030 practice in India. 00:19:38.030 --> 00:19:54.149 So to this mechanism the effectives to total delivery of housing in fest many folded. 00:19:54.149 --> 00:19:58.549 This is a major achievement during this time this project. 00:19:58.549 --> 00:20:08.450 Next we have seen the another program that national housing and habited policy 2007 natural 00:20:08.450 --> 00:20:17.249 urban housing habited policy came where major employs given on the technology and the delivery 00:20:17.249 --> 00:20:26.820 and its satiability and following that in 2000 after this decade after JNNURM and RAY 00:20:26.820 --> 00:20:27.820 this decade. 00:20:27.820 --> 00:20:38.909 We came to the current decade which is basically 2010 onwards. 00:20:38.909 --> 00:20:47.809 So in 2010 onwards we have first of all we continue de Jale the JNNURM and RAY after 00:20:47.809 --> 00:21:02.609 that we came of this several programs like you can see the credit risk grantee, so 00:21:02.609 --> 00:21:08.109 credit rick which is nothing, but government task risk for the credit for the individual 00:21:08.109 --> 00:21:12.970 barware, are the institutional barware, so that the money flow, financial flow in the 00:21:12.970 --> 00:21:20.059 market housing market you study and the contractions supply in the market that was another very 00:21:20.059 --> 00:21:25.789 import in part of the program which was part of this decade. 00:21:25.789 --> 00:21:42.929 And then another program came RRY (Rajiv Rinn Yojona) in this program -the objective was 00:21:42.929 --> 00:21:47.070 to in the poor part son are you commons man when dated by the housing finance from the 00:21:47.070 --> 00:21:50.070 bank or any financing institution. 00:21:50.070 --> 00:21:54.759 Sometimes they cannot repay be the money. 00:21:54.759 --> 00:22:06.649 The government told that under this Yojana they will give some 00:22:06.649 --> 00:22:11.659 interest subsidy for example it the bank interest for the housing loan or housing finance is 00:22:11.659 --> 00:22:12.659 a 10%. 00:22:12.659 --> 00:22:17.860 So government will private up to 6 to 7 % and so that individual customer they will maximum 00:22:17.860 --> 00:22:19.559 4 % of the interest. 00:22:19.559 --> 00:22:27.109 So, that is another approach which was there RRY was the major intervention in the housing 00:22:27.109 --> 00:22:31.169 finance for the individual housing finance. 00:22:31.169 --> 00:22:39.529 then after this there affordable housing in partnership that was revised affordable housing 00:22:39.529 --> 00:22:47.440 policy for the state it came as a model by the government of India visuals discuss after 00:22:47.440 --> 00:22:53.850 one or two lectures and then in 2015 in 2000 may be major program came in India and right 00:22:53.850 --> 00:22:58.119 know we are following that. 00:22:58.119 --> 00:23:09.739 In 2014-2015 following the RAY government currant government India they launched another 00:23:09.739 --> 00:23:32.029 program called Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana PMAY. 00:23:32.029 --> 00:23:43.309 The main Moto main goal of this program, was to achieve housing 00:23:43.309 --> 00:23:48.460 for all by the year 2022 and. 00:23:48.460 --> 00:23:54.309 This Yojona was various aspects in tamps of the supply side and diamond site at one site, 00:23:54.309 --> 00:24:01.400 one hand it is creating the devein side intra venture likes the mortgage grantee, the interest 00:24:01.400 --> 00:24:06.929 subsidy, the regularization of the housing finance market everything. 00:24:06.929 --> 00:24:22.129 Another supply side they through about the technology submission whose main objective 00:24:22.129 --> 00:24:39.299 will be to create the eco system of, eco system of new technology whose new technology can 00:24:39.299 --> 00:24:41.109 deliver first our housing. 00:24:41.109 --> 00:24:47.570 Because the current housing market are housing supply mechanize have basically counties of 00:24:47.570 --> 00:24:52.779 the conferencing housing contention who is takes 4 to 5 years for the major housing project. 00:24:52.779 --> 00:24:58.849 So as result after the compulsion of the project, the project gets delay are some time the cost 00:24:58.849 --> 00:25:00.379 extension is there. 00:25:00.379 --> 00:25:04.809 And he result command customers and command man there are to pay major, the major junk 00:25:04.809 --> 00:25:05.809 of the money. 00:25:05.809 --> 00:25:12.830 So, what a government try to see this overall systemic change in the housing supply mechanize. 00:25:12.830 --> 00:25:23.419 If the housing constriction time is reduced by one of one third and by new technology 00:25:23.419 --> 00:25:31.269 may be cost and time will be achieve for the region, some new technology are invested and 00:25:31.269 --> 00:25:41.210 after right know the BMTPC Building material technology promotion council who is basically 00:25:41.210 --> 00:25:43.590 coordinate in the projects. 00:25:43.590 --> 00:25:56.620 This particular scheme and they have identified 16 new technologies. 00:25:56.620 --> 00:26:02.629 Currently this technology are under trail under restart and develop and video research 00:26:02.629 --> 00:26:04.200 laboratory and IITs. 00:26:04.200 --> 00:26:10.409 So this technology after short and experimentation and short a testing this can be apply for 00:26:10.409 --> 00:26:11.409 the housing shelter. 00:26:11.409 --> 00:26:17.509 So, this is one of the major achievement in Rajeev Awas Yojana the which can be stages 00:26:17.509 --> 00:26:20.840 the housing all by 2022. 00:26:20.840 --> 00:26:26.799 At the same time with the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana consider the preventive action which 00:26:26.799 --> 00:26:30.229 was investigation in Rajeev Awas Yojana. 00:26:30.229 --> 00:26:49.049 The government of India all so came off we there draft policy on rental housing. 00:26:49.049 --> 00:26:54.429 So we told that in rental housing basically government saw that it is the to creating 00:26:54.429 --> 00:27:00.499 varies tips of rental housing for the people integration are the migration ultimately will 00:27:00.499 --> 00:27:05.100 arrest be care frameless of slum in the preventive manner. 00:27:05.100 --> 00:27:11.009 So government came off with the policy rental housing this policy tells are every various 00:27:11.009 --> 00:27:17.649 tips of the migration, migration types of the migrated people what kind of housing. 00:27:17.649 --> 00:27:21.989 What kind of the housing typology depressor of the require and what could be this strategy 00:27:21.989 --> 00:27:28.369 for the city to make the housing for the transiently for the migrated people. 00:27:28.369 --> 00:27:35.269 So right know who have Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana summation and rental housing policy 00:27:35.269 --> 00:27:39.169 this are working at the national level. 00:27:39.169 --> 00:27:45.869 So major change after the government as provider then enabler and right know during 2010 -2020 00:27:45.869 --> 00:27:48.600 we are the scene that government role as facilitated. 00:27:48.600 --> 00:27:55.369 There are basically facilitating the market facilitating people facilitating developer 00:27:55.369 --> 00:28:02.369 to create more housing an also there facilitating people to by the house lower cost of rate. 00:28:02.369 --> 00:28:10.850 So that see major the current per demon of the housing delivery in India Public interventions. 00:28:10.850 --> 00:28:17.239 Next ledger will discuss along with the public intervention what are the reform changes also 00:28:17.239 --> 00:28:21.390 came in terms of land finance, legal all the reform the scheme. 00:28:21.390 --> 00:28:27.830 So that we can understand of this policy after that very detailed manner in the further lectures 00:28:27.830 --> 00:28:28.349 thank you.