WEBVTT Kind: captions Language: en 00:00:18.939 --> 00:00:25.759 Hello, today we will discuss the very important part of housing policy and planning which 00:00:25.759 --> 00:00:35.910 is the technology system, which enables developer or which ultimately deliver housing to the 00:00:35.910 --> 00:00:37.510 user groups. 00:00:37.510 --> 00:00:44.199 So before we come to the technology systems let us have quick recap of the last discussion. 00:00:44.199 --> 00:00:48.780 In the last discussion we discussed about the housing finance and affordability. 00:00:48.780 --> 00:00:55.850 In the affordability session we discussed two elements what is which influence the relative 00:00:55.850 --> 00:00:58.329 affordability of a product. 00:00:58.329 --> 00:01:02.960 One is the supply side, which reduces the price of the product or cost of the product 00:01:02.960 --> 00:01:08.610 and the demand side intervention, which basically enhances the capacity of the people to purchase 00:01:08.610 --> 00:01:10.970 a house. 00:01:10.970 --> 00:01:17.060 Then we discuss the housing finance the some concept of the housing finance how it is operated, 00:01:17.060 --> 00:01:21.170 what is major processes and the major problem and issues. 00:01:21.170 --> 00:01:27.020 We have seen that major problems was the access by the common people, poor people to the housing 00:01:27.020 --> 00:01:35.670 finance, it is flexibility and the formal mechanism, which create some barrier and also 00:01:35.670 --> 00:01:40.660 we have seen that the NPS nonperforming as it is which is major concern from the major 00:01:40.660 --> 00:01:47.750 bank and based on that discussion, we will come to the next part of the discussion today, 00:01:47.750 --> 00:01:51.750 which is called as the technology systems. 00:01:51.750 --> 00:01:57.200 In the initial lecture when we discuss the problems of housing delivery, we identified 00:01:57.200 --> 00:02:02.420 several elements, which is basically barriers or creating the barriers in effective housing 00:02:02.420 --> 00:02:07.390 delivery and within that we identified two to three major barriers, one major barrier 00:02:07.390 --> 00:02:12.950 was housing affordability, which we discussed last day and later on we will come as when 00:02:12.950 --> 00:02:13.950 required. 00:02:13.950 --> 00:02:21.780 Another major barrier was that the project construction, project delivery of the housing 00:02:21.780 --> 00:02:30.210 because housing such subject, such matter, which need to be constructed on ground really, 00:02:30.210 --> 00:02:38.180 and deliver to the people and it depends on many factors land, availability of the material, 00:02:38.180 --> 00:02:43.450 availability of the labour, the technology system or technology, which is actually creating 00:02:43.450 --> 00:02:50.300 the housing, how it is delivering and the administrative in the office institutional 00:02:50.300 --> 00:02:53.840 mechanism, which also influences the speed of the housing. 00:02:53.840 --> 00:03:00.450 So within that we have seen that in the current practice the one housing, bigger housing project 00:03:00.450 --> 00:03:07.180 like say 500 or 1000 unit, housing project which takes 4 years or 5 years from the inception 00:03:07.180 --> 00:03:13.180 to the completion or this for other and sometimes it takes more it is delayed. 00:03:13.180 --> 00:03:19.550 One of the major problem of this delay and the durational, long duration is the conversational 00:03:19.550 --> 00:03:24.770 technology system and conversational construction system, which used and this construction system 00:03:24.770 --> 00:03:35.600 by enlarge is onsite. 00:03:35.600 --> 00:03:41.130 And since it is onsite construction that means starting from the foundation to the super 00:03:41.130 --> 00:03:46.960 structure to the everything finishing, infrastructure everything is done on site and because of 00:03:46.960 --> 00:03:54.020 the onsite it takes long-time and not only time the onsite activity of the construction, 00:03:54.020 --> 00:04:10.800 onsite 100% onsite construction it leads to time delay and since there is time delay it 00:04:10.800 --> 00:04:24.240 leads to cost escalation, another very important but it is related with that since it is a 00:04:24.240 --> 00:04:32.319 site based construction the quality also compromised. 00:04:32.319 --> 00:04:37.320 Quality of the product, quality of the housing also compromised because it is onsite construction 00:04:37.320 --> 00:04:42.840 based on the actual availability of the labour and it is skill level. 00:04:42.840 --> 00:04:52.350 So, these are the issues and also sometimes it leads to the conflicts between the inducers 00:04:52.350 --> 00:05:01.990 and developer and dissatisfaction. 00:05:01.990 --> 00:05:09.250 As response to this problem one of the solution is that to construct the onsite activity to 00:05:09.250 --> 00:05:18.710 a outside model where offsite model where the major construction 00:05:18.710 --> 00:05:24.340 take place in a factory in terms of building compounds. 00:05:24.340 --> 00:05:33.090 Every compound of a house, which is manufactured at the factory under given design prescription 00:05:33.090 --> 00:05:42.120 and then transported to the site and assembled on the site and the major differences in the 00:05:42.120 --> 00:05:49.610 onsite construction, some of the activities are not possible during the rainy season and 00:05:49.610 --> 00:05:51.370 it is prom weather. 00:05:51.370 --> 00:05:56.570 You cannot construct a house in a rainy season or a in very extreme weather, but if it is 00:05:56.570 --> 00:06:02.540 offsite construction then you do the construction or the manufacturing at the factory and then 00:06:02.540 --> 00:06:09.010 you come to the site and assemble in a given period, in suitable time in convenient time. 00:06:09.010 --> 00:06:18.590 So in a short you achieve the time and if you achieve the time, the cost and quality, 00:06:18.590 --> 00:06:24.509 why quality because if it is done at the factory it is the quality it is standardise product, 00:06:24.509 --> 00:06:28.880 it is done in a standardise and more monitor process. 00:06:28.880 --> 00:06:36.640 So it is ensure the quality as well and as result the more satisfaction will be there 00:06:36.640 --> 00:06:38.190 and dissatisfaction will be result. 00:06:38.190 --> 00:06:44.610 Some of the countries they have gone through this process of the onsite construction to 00:06:44.610 --> 00:06:50.480 the offsite construction to get the benefit of this trying effectiveness, cost effectiveness, 00:06:50.480 --> 00:06:51.860 quality everything. 00:06:51.860 --> 00:06:55.630 Some of the country they call it as modular construction, some of the country they call 00:06:55.630 --> 00:06:59.770 it as manufacture construction or some of the country they call it as a industrialised 00:06:59.770 --> 00:07:03.520 building system or building technology for the faster housing. 00:07:03.520 --> 00:07:11.090 So the major advantage of this construction is basically time saving. 00:07:11.090 --> 00:07:16.080 So in a typical modular construction schedule and this is a site build constructions schedule 00:07:16.080 --> 00:07:21.180 where you have the permit and approvals then site development, then building construction 00:07:21.180 --> 00:07:22.520 and site restoration. 00:07:22.520 --> 00:07:29.050 So building construction and site restoration basically takes long-time, which takes basically 00:07:29.050 --> 00:07:32.710 3 to 5 years for India. 00:07:32.710 --> 00:07:40.060 Whereas in a modular construction or offsite construction you just need little time to 00:07:40.060 --> 00:07:42.039 install and site restoration. 00:07:42.039 --> 00:07:48.900 So this is the time savings for typical offsite construction, which we are calling at a industrialised 00:07:48.900 --> 00:07:54.120 building system, which is nothing, but incorporate the industrialized system at the outside of 00:07:54.120 --> 00:07:59.950 the factory then bringing the product or the compound in the site and assembling for the 00:07:59.950 --> 00:08:03.380 faster delivery of the housing. 00:08:03.380 --> 00:08:08.410 So to understand in a better way how it works and how what can be done for India let us 00:08:08.410 --> 00:08:12.410 understand how it works technically. 00:08:12.410 --> 00:08:19.460 Now ultimately since the housing is building and it is three dimensional object this object 00:08:19.460 --> 00:08:22.850 can be analyzed in three ways. 00:08:22.850 --> 00:08:28.319 One could be that we consider each room or each unit as box, which is called monolithic 00:08:28.319 --> 00:08:35.099 or box system or three dimensional system another approach could be that to make a enclose 00:08:35.099 --> 00:08:42.630 space to make building we consider each and every was as the panel, which is called as 00:08:42.630 --> 00:08:49.380 total system and which is basically two dimensional because if we consider, if we ignore the thickness 00:08:49.380 --> 00:08:53.930 for our convinces of understanding it is basically two dimensional. 00:08:53.930 --> 00:09:00.280 It is not enclosing a space fully, but multiple units of panel can encloses space in a better 00:09:00.280 --> 00:09:07.700 way and also the traditional way of constructing a house like the beam, and the column and 00:09:07.700 --> 00:09:14.180 the beam, which makes a structure and use of multiple number of columns and beams can 00:09:14.180 --> 00:09:22.370 create an enclose space, which is called frame system or linear system, which is basically 00:09:22.370 --> 00:09:24.940 kind of linear one dimensional compound. 00:09:24.940 --> 00:09:31.350 So in industrialized system we can use any of the approach based on our situation. 00:09:31.350 --> 00:09:38.480 Now let us see which of the situation will be suitable or useful for India case. 00:09:38.480 --> 00:09:45.529 Now based on the system there are two different characteristics, which basically influence 00:09:45.529 --> 00:09:46.570 of the system. 00:09:46.570 --> 00:09:50.300 Those are called as close system and open system. 00:09:50.300 --> 00:09:58.560 In a close system the whole design standardization and construction is done by only one provider 00:09:58.560 --> 00:10:00.150 or one manufacturer. 00:10:00.150 --> 00:10:07.020 So close system the production can be based on the client design means if plan can provide 00:10:07.020 --> 00:10:15.660 design to manufacture a manufacture can produce that housing starting from the design to the 00:10:15.660 --> 00:10:23.000 construction and deliver to the client and it can be based on the per-caster or the producer 00:10:23.000 --> 00:10:29.040 design sometime the developer or producer or pre-caster they can design a product, they 00:10:29.040 --> 00:10:34.120 can design construct and manufacture and supply to the market and based on the markets situation 00:10:34.120 --> 00:10:39.920 people can buy directly from the people so these are close system. 00:10:39.920 --> 00:10:46.649 The characteristics of the close system is if I as pre-caster or a producer I develop 00:10:46.649 --> 00:10:51.959 module I develop a product in that product no other company, no other manufacture will 00:10:51.959 --> 00:10:59.459 be able to monitor or to modify the product to enhance the product so it is close to the 00:10:59.459 --> 00:11:00.680 other agency. 00:11:00.680 --> 00:11:08.560 Whereas in a open system where in a common standardized platform many companies can participate 00:11:08.560 --> 00:11:12.470 many company can give their product and those product can be assembled. 00:11:12.470 --> 00:11:20.580 It is like a assemble computer where in a bases in a common format the compounds from 00:11:20.580 --> 00:11:26.149 various companies are assembled and integrated to for a particular purpose. 00:11:26.149 --> 00:11:34.570 So in the open system allows basically greater flexibility and also it allows the pre-caster 00:11:34.570 --> 00:11:40.029 to produce a limited number of elements with a predetermined range of product. 00:11:40.029 --> 00:11:45.640 Because in open system it involves integration of multiple number of agency, multiple number 00:11:45.640 --> 00:11:48.870 of manufactures and the producers. 00:11:48.870 --> 00:11:54.970 So many numbers may not be possible, limited number of options are possible, but yes the 00:11:54.970 --> 00:12:01.520 comfortably is the issue, but the advantage of the open system is that it offers the flexibility 00:12:01.520 --> 00:12:09.710 and it offers it do not encouraging monopoly, but here in the close system is dependent 00:12:09.710 --> 00:12:15.920 on either by the producers or by the client it basically encourages monopoly and it is 00:12:15.920 --> 00:12:21.690 dependent on the very few one or two large developer, large manufacturer, but in open 00:12:21.690 --> 00:12:28.870 system many manufactures second category, third category, fourth category, small, medium, 00:12:28.870 --> 00:12:33.120 higher and very large developer or producer they can participate and they can develop 00:12:33.120 --> 00:12:35.050 housing. 00:12:35.050 --> 00:12:43.420 Now in a industrial system or outside based system there are several stages, which is 00:12:43.420 --> 00:12:45.420 required for a country like India. 00:12:45.420 --> 00:12:52.660 Like initially, we start from local material and construction on site and then slowly we 00:12:52.660 --> 00:12:59.430 go to the using industrial material and then manual process in situ then we conquer the 00:12:59.430 --> 00:13:05.660 manual assembly in industrial material that means we are going to manual process, but 00:13:05.660 --> 00:13:11.870 we are assembling the industrial material like right now in the projects the overall 00:13:11.870 --> 00:13:16.820 process since manual and site based, but we are using some of the industrial material, 00:13:16.820 --> 00:13:27.399 finishing like say still or the fixture like say plumbing fixtures, flooring element, windows, 00:13:27.399 --> 00:13:31.550 doors those are manufactured in the industry. 00:13:31.550 --> 00:13:37.620 So we are assembling that we are using that, but in a manual method then after the next 00:13:37.620 --> 00:13:42.399 stage there will be a partial pre-fabrication, partial means some of the compounds like wall, 00:13:42.399 --> 00:13:49.580 or the columns or the beams or slap compounds will be pre-fabricated and after that some 00:13:49.580 --> 00:13:54.700 of the part will be onsite may be fixture and finishing will be done at the onsite. 00:13:54.700 --> 00:14:00.339 So this is called partial, so right now we are in this position in India, which is basically 00:14:00.339 --> 00:14:06.900 is combination of the manual labour, manual and onsite construction and also some amount 00:14:06.900 --> 00:14:09.600 of partial people pre-fabrication we are using. 00:14:09.600 --> 00:14:17.331 We will show the example next day, so the next stage the close building concept or code 00:14:17.331 --> 00:14:22.600 system with compounds may be one or two or few developers can or procedure they can come 00:14:22.600 --> 00:14:29.560 forward and they can develop the whole package of the housing in industrialized mode that 00:14:29.560 --> 00:14:34.351 mean the whole houses will be developed constructed manufactured in the factory and will supply 00:14:34.351 --> 00:14:41.519 to the site on the given time and may be assembled and that is possible in the desired quality 00:14:41.519 --> 00:14:44.560 if it is done in a close building system. 00:14:44.560 --> 00:14:49.579 Now the close building system needs integration with the computer, either drafting and design 00:14:49.579 --> 00:14:54.830 and this will lead to a greater flexibility of the compound, which is integrated in a 00:14:54.830 --> 00:15:02.339 given flat form, given formatting of the dimensions so after that producer the open system with 00:15:02.339 --> 00:15:08.700 many suppliers with application of the CAD and open system from various network on companies 00:15:08.700 --> 00:15:13.560 can achieve, but these are the future stages with some of the countries they have achieved 00:15:13.560 --> 00:15:14.620 this stages. 00:15:14.620 --> 00:15:22.370 In this stages they have achieved like many suppliers, many pre-casters their working 00:15:22.370 --> 00:15:27.480 in the market and various options, various type of housing, typologies their available 00:15:27.480 --> 00:15:32.630 in the market and which does not need more than two to three months to execute in the 00:15:32.630 --> 00:15:38.750 site and it is cheaper, it is affordable, it is very quickly constructed options of 00:15:38.750 --> 00:15:46.779 the housing typology, but what you need to have this industrialized building system. 00:15:46.779 --> 00:15:54.480 There are various pre-request like some of the pre-request on site, some of the conditions 00:15:54.480 --> 00:15:58.779 required which is outside, which is required beyond the boundary and some of the pre-request 00:15:58.779 --> 00:15:59.779 the policy. 00:15:59.779 --> 00:16:06.200 I start with the policy parameter like two enable this kind of construction, we need 00:16:06.200 --> 00:16:12.330 availability of the bigger land sometimes we are talking about the basically the large 00:16:12.330 --> 00:16:17.930 housing, mass housing and for mass housing, bigger lands is required so if we change technology 00:16:17.930 --> 00:16:23.320 from the conversational technology to the new technology, the land is the very important 00:16:23.320 --> 00:16:24.460 input. 00:16:24.460 --> 00:16:26.220 Then the private investment possibility. 00:16:26.220 --> 00:16:32.550 There are very few developers who will be very much interested to invest the pre-fabricated 00:16:32.550 --> 00:16:34.310 or the industrialized technology. 00:16:34.310 --> 00:16:40.130 So private investment is required and for that we need a policy parameter by the government 00:16:40.130 --> 00:16:44.720 right now the present government they are encouraging the industrialized building system 00:16:44.720 --> 00:16:47.060 and pre-fabricated system will largely. 00:16:47.060 --> 00:16:50.870 There are various developers who are coming forward to invest in this sector. 00:16:50.870 --> 00:16:57.540 I will give the example later on and whenever there is change of technology, there is need 00:16:57.540 --> 00:17:02.649 for the quality control, so for this quality control we need building code and the inspection 00:17:02.649 --> 00:17:04.939 mechanism to ensure the quality. 00:17:04.939 --> 00:17:10.709 So new set of building roles, building codes, new set of control mechanism is required to 00:17:10.709 --> 00:17:16.839 be developed and not only that to execute this in the ground level we need training 00:17:16.839 --> 00:17:21.531 and capacity building for the people who will be working in the factory, who will be work 00:17:21.531 --> 00:17:26.579 in the site, who will be working in the authorities to sanction the building plans so every level 00:17:26.579 --> 00:17:30.849 there will be training and capacity building because there is a change of whole delivery 00:17:30.849 --> 00:17:32.330 system of the housing. 00:17:32.330 --> 00:17:37.179 Then the employment and labour related reforms not only the training and capacity building 00:17:37.179 --> 00:17:43.690 some reforms required in the level loss that is the part of the policy frame work done 00:17:43.690 --> 00:17:45.340 by the government of India. 00:17:45.340 --> 00:17:51.860 So apart from the micro level changes in the policy we need some amount of reforms or change 00:17:51.860 --> 00:17:57.049 at the outside parameters like if we want to construct the building compounds in factory 00:17:57.049 --> 00:18:04.220 and want to transport them in a area we another area which distant we need a better transport 00:18:04.220 --> 00:18:11.389 trade work very robust kind of very strong kind of transport network consist in the offsite 00:18:11.389 --> 00:18:13.700 road and wider the road, strong road. 00:18:13.700 --> 00:18:19.899 The better payment design so that large size vehicle can carry all those building material 00:18:19.899 --> 00:18:21.559 to the one place to another place. 00:18:21.559 --> 00:18:29.650 Another very important point I would you like discuss is that even after the any natural 00:18:29.650 --> 00:18:33.600 these are studies happen. 00:18:33.600 --> 00:18:40.009 We need large infrastructure, road infra structure to carry the transits houses from one place 00:18:40.009 --> 00:18:49.929 to another place to elect and do an assemble, and the road infra structure is not sufficient 00:18:49.929 --> 00:19:00.230 we need the intellectual process of the manufacturing for that the eco system of the individualized 00:19:00.230 --> 00:19:06.379 system of the manufacturing along with labor input, material input the institutional input 00:19:06.379 --> 00:19:07.379 is required. 00:19:07.379 --> 00:19:11.799 All are input is required and it is possible with policy framework of the Government as 00:19:11.799 --> 00:19:18.710 well as with help of the private investigator and then we come to the onsite requirement. 00:19:18.710 --> 00:19:24.399 The suitability for the election and the assembly place like in hill legion like in Uttarakhand 00:19:24.399 --> 00:19:30.970 and place like in plain legion of slice a MP or UP may be different geographically and 00:19:30.970 --> 00:19:32.270 topographically. 00:19:32.270 --> 00:19:38.499 So the type of housing typology or the technology but the particular typology or technology 00:19:38.499 --> 00:19:42.590 may not suitable in plain land which suitable in hilly land. 00:19:42.590 --> 00:19:49.070 So, based on the type of the plot and the type of the contest the section of the technologies 00:19:49.070 --> 00:19:52.499 very crucial which is depended on site. 00:19:52.499 --> 00:19:56.929 Second is the applicability and flexibility for the housing in India contest. 00:19:56.929 --> 00:20:03.549 In India the major housing construction is incremental because incremental housing is 00:20:03.549 --> 00:20:10.289 more popular because of the nature of the family structure the social structure how 00:20:10.289 --> 00:20:13.809 people grow economically over the period of time. 00:20:13.809 --> 00:20:19.440 So if it is possible with in the construction system that there is some scope of incremental 00:20:19.440 --> 00:20:24.639 construction some amount of scope to make further addition in the house that kind of 00:20:24.639 --> 00:20:30.139 flexibility required in the new technology system also. 00:20:30.139 --> 00:20:35.350 Then quality and characteristic of the structure quality should be durable against all the 00:20:35.350 --> 00:20:43.389 weather effect the hot session, winter session an also rainy session it should be able to 00:20:43.389 --> 00:20:48.769 its stand all the weather effective including the natural diastral life flood and cyclone 00:20:48.769 --> 00:20:56.609 on the seismic effects so it should durable considerating all the major effects. 00:20:56.609 --> 00:21:02.029 And also space standards and the dimensional and modular coordination and the developed 00:21:02.029 --> 00:21:09.029 module will be contextual for the particular city or particular zone or particular target 00:21:09.029 --> 00:21:10.029 group. 00:21:10.029 --> 00:21:17.970 So it is basically the area specific geographically on site specific requirement like the specific 00:21:17.970 --> 00:21:23.840 disbanded for example, the dimension of the room or dimension of the any module for any 00:21:23.840 --> 00:21:27.769 area in plain land may not be equal with other land. 00:21:27.769 --> 00:21:33.559 The dimension of a house in a tribal land may not be equal of a dimension of a house 00:21:33.559 --> 00:21:36.309 which is than at the city code area. 00:21:36.309 --> 00:21:40.999 So depending on the contest depending on the target group depending on the geographical 00:21:40.999 --> 00:21:49.080 location we may have to very this space standards the coordination between the space standards 00:21:49.080 --> 00:21:51.879 and it is the module. 00:21:51.879 --> 00:21:58.269 So in hard the onsite to offsite and policy parameter are very much require to bring or 00:21:58.269 --> 00:22:04.190 to change technology from one system to another system. 00:22:04.190 --> 00:22:11.409 So the progress in India till the last decade there has been lot of experimentation of the 00:22:11.409 --> 00:22:17.820 products like say building products in the flooding in the walling and roofing element, 00:22:17.820 --> 00:22:24.500 but in spite all these experiment and attempts we could not achieve the total technology 00:22:24.500 --> 00:22:29.600 transport total technology change in the India in the mass housing sector. 00:22:29.600 --> 00:22:37.479 It was limited to the laboratory experiment which some pilot experiment and pilot demonstration 00:22:37.479 --> 00:22:42.100 project, but right now there is a big stars by the Government of India after the national 00:22:42.100 --> 00:22:48.970 housing and habitat policy and read the current pradhan mantri awas yojana there is a sub 00:22:48.970 --> 00:22:53.019 mission which is called to technology submission under the technology submission Government 00:22:53.019 --> 00:22:58.669 of identified many technologies which will transfer the technologies from on site to 00:22:58.669 --> 00:22:59.879 offsite. 00:22:59.879 --> 00:23:05.679 And this technologies these are indentified technology like using monolithic construction 00:23:05.679 --> 00:23:12.399 technology, monolithic concrete construction expanded polystyrene panel system, 3-S system, 00:23:12.399 --> 00:23:19.509 precast for system GFRG panel system then modular building system and Light Gauge Steel 00:23:19.509 --> 00:23:21.749 Frame Structure. 00:23:21.749 --> 00:23:26.280 Next day when we will show some of the case studies in Indian situation where will see 00:23:26.280 --> 00:23:32.909 that the large scale construction mass housing construction is possible using some of the 00:23:32.909 --> 00:23:38.899 technologies like that, but most of the technologies are under develop in most of the research 00:23:38.899 --> 00:23:43.979 laboratories including ITS and this central research laboratories so upper some time may 00:23:43.979 --> 00:23:49.279 be upper five years or ten years this technologies will be able to deliver housing in a faster 00:23:49.279 --> 00:23:55.000 way in a speeder way and as a result of that it will reduce the cost of the building in 00:23:55.000 --> 00:23:56.509 a great extend. 00:23:56.509 --> 00:24:06.049 So with these two days discussion today we discussed the technology system which is basically 00:24:06.049 --> 00:24:13.409 are supply side intervention because two change technology from onside to offside technology 00:24:13.409 --> 00:24:20.049 can reduced the cost of the housing project substantially because if change from onside 00:24:20.049 --> 00:24:25.279 to offside we get the advantage on the time, advantage of the cost, advantage of the quality 00:24:25.279 --> 00:24:33.440 and advantage of the user satisfaction, but it needs several prerequisite one side prerequisite 00:24:33.440 --> 00:24:38.729 off side prerequisite policy prerequisite and as a system it has three different kind 00:24:38.729 --> 00:24:43.690 of system one is a box system, panel system and linear system. 00:24:43.690 --> 00:24:50.349 It has two different corrected sties one is a open system and other is a close system. 00:24:50.349 --> 00:24:55.360 Close system is depending on the provider supplier who is basically developing whole 00:24:55.360 --> 00:25:02.440 package, whole housing as pro package where other provides other supplies not allowed 00:25:02.440 --> 00:25:09.419 or permitted to intervened where as in open system many suppliers and many providers, 00:25:09.419 --> 00:25:16.969 many producers they are work in a common plat form like assemble computer and cross system 00:25:16.969 --> 00:25:27.239 is a open system follow is the close system in India right now we are going to a combination 00:25:27.239 --> 00:25:31.919 of a onside and off side construction using manual labor mostly. 00:25:31.919 --> 00:25:37.070 But next stage provably with the close system and with the Government policy we can have 00:25:37.070 --> 00:25:42.219 better system to deliver housing using the new technologies in India after the pradhan 00:25:42.219 --> 00:25:44.799 mantri awas yojana and technologies submission. 00:25:44.799 --> 00:25:51.389 We have shown that videos technologies are identified next day will show you some of 00:25:51.389 --> 00:25:57.299 the guess study some of the examples how to the technology can be used to reduce the time 00:25:57.299 --> 00:26:00.450 and cost and what are the future prospect in regards, so thank you.