WEBVTT Kind: captions Language: en 00:00:19.199 --> 00:00:20.199 Hello! 00:00:20.199 --> 00:00:29.109 Today we will discuss the some of the discussion we had on housing policy matters. 00:00:29.109 --> 00:00:32.860 And introduce the subject of housing planning. 00:00:32.860 --> 00:00:38.720 So far we have covered all the aspects of the housing policy is various dimension how 00:00:38.720 --> 00:00:47.649 it acts in the market and now will go to the next part, the planning part of this the housing, 00:00:47.649 --> 00:00:53.619 so before we go to the next part, we will quickly summarize some of whatever we covered 00:00:53.619 --> 00:01:02.660 in last few lectures and then introduce the subject of planning. 00:01:02.660 --> 00:01:06.820 So we started with the housing typology. 00:01:06.820 --> 00:01:14.100 We told you that primarily three categories of housing typology at their organic formal 00:01:14.100 --> 00:01:15.600 and informal. 00:01:15.600 --> 00:01:23.049 The organic housings are basically grown over the year in the cities or the rural areas, 00:01:23.049 --> 00:01:27.899 old city house, urban village, traditional housing private product house. 00:01:27.899 --> 00:01:32.979 The formal houses are basically formal houses which is delivered by the formal agencies 00:01:32.979 --> 00:01:39.359 government and private including rental housing and cooperative housing and informal houses 00:01:39.359 --> 00:01:46.950 are the houses which is build illegally cohort the incrust land by the people like slums 00:01:46.950 --> 00:01:47.950 and quarters . 00:01:47.950 --> 00:01:50.209 And also unauthorized construction. 00:01:50.209 --> 00:01:56.090 So after discussion housing typology we visited over all condition of the situation of the 00:01:56.090 --> 00:01:58.770 housing situation in our country. 00:01:58.770 --> 00:02:10.380 So we saw that in our country around out of 10% in rural area one is out of livable condition 00:02:10.380 --> 00:02:16.790 and urban area the situation is out of six household one is not having the livable house 00:02:16.790 --> 00:02:18.310 that is the condition. 00:02:18.310 --> 00:02:25.819 So after this we also discuss the overall situation in terms of supply of housing and 00:02:25.819 --> 00:02:27.410 demand of housing. 00:02:27.410 --> 00:02:34.080 We saw that the economic group, the lower income group and economical weaker section. 00:02:34.080 --> 00:02:42.090 They have the highest demand in terms of housing, but the market supplies very less, only 4% 00:02:42.090 --> 00:02:52.640 where as the market supplies maximum for the MIG and AGIG 85%, even if they have only 15% 00:02:52.640 --> 00:02:55.219 of the total housing requirement. 00:02:55.219 --> 00:03:00.439 So there is decrement between the supply and demand severe mismatch between supply and 00:03:00.439 --> 00:03:03.120 demand which we discussed. 00:03:03.120 --> 00:03:12.969 Then we revisited the housing programs so far we had in last 70 or so years in starting 00:03:12.969 --> 00:03:17.670 from 50s to till 2010 or 15. 00:03:17.670 --> 00:03:24.409 We have seen that first few decades till to 1980. 00:03:24.409 --> 00:03:32.840 The government rule was as provider to provide the housing directly to the people then next 00:03:32.840 --> 00:03:36.069 two decades the governments rule was enabler. 00:03:36.069 --> 00:03:42.659 They enabled the private agencies and other agency so that also they can be partner and 00:03:42.659 --> 00:03:50.560 now 2000 onwards with the open market the rule of government is facilitator. 00:03:50.560 --> 00:03:55.870 They are facilitating the process of housing delivery in more numbers through the market 00:03:55.870 --> 00:04:03.200 and also through the government agencies so that at the end of the day people get more 00:04:03.200 --> 00:04:04.280 number of housing. 00:04:04.280 --> 00:04:10.901 So we ended up with the deflection program which is right now going on and before that. 00:04:10.901 --> 00:04:15.959 We had various programs including Rajeev awas yojana. 00:04:15.959 --> 00:04:24.410 So we analyzed all these programs and we identified few major barriers we just creating housing 00:04:24.410 --> 00:04:30.460 shortage, incremental housing shortage and non fulfillment of the housing shortage less 00:04:30.460 --> 00:04:31.850 number of supply. 00:04:31.850 --> 00:04:36.380 So the first thing was housing affordability because of the poverty in the urban area, 00:04:36.380 --> 00:04:39.590 the lower income group economically weaker section. 00:04:39.590 --> 00:04:42.330 They affordability is the major problem. 00:04:42.330 --> 00:04:44.720 Second is this PDS technology and system. 00:04:44.720 --> 00:04:49.600 Because of the conventional technology which is slow in delivering the housing project 00:04:49.600 --> 00:04:50.600 in time. 00:04:50.600 --> 00:04:57.950 So that is another major problem the projects are not getting completed within their given 00:04:57.950 --> 00:04:58.950 time. 00:04:58.950 --> 00:05:01.480 Then land is also major barrier. 00:05:01.480 --> 00:05:08.360 We are not getting lot chunk of land in urban area and because of that the mass housing 00:05:08.360 --> 00:05:13.360 is not possible, but last few decades one or two decades, because of the various land 00:05:13.360 --> 00:05:16.630 reform and pro land policy of the government. 00:05:16.630 --> 00:05:24.420 Now we are inner position that up to we have somewhat work on this problem. 00:05:24.420 --> 00:05:31.140 Then also we need a reverse policy frame work holistic and a comprehensive policy frame 00:05:31.140 --> 00:05:38.280 work to incorporate all the barriers, incorporate all the opportunities to take the current 00:05:38.280 --> 00:05:41.690 problem of the housing to a solution in the near future. 00:05:41.690 --> 00:05:46.360 So policy frame work also needs are institutional frame work as well. 00:05:46.360 --> 00:05:53.190 They eco system required to generate new kind of building materials, eco friendly building 00:05:53.190 --> 00:05:59.430 materials and making them available in facility of the project site is also required which 00:05:59.430 --> 00:06:03.620 is the major barrier for the projects under the government in intervention. 00:06:03.620 --> 00:06:09.310 And also liver is I mean availability of the skill labor basically is a major problem for 00:06:09.310 --> 00:06:13.870 the programmers or the intervention we had in India. 00:06:13.870 --> 00:06:19.490 So after discussing IND find major barriers, there are few other barriers, but these are 00:06:19.490 --> 00:06:26.460 the major barriers we discussed how a housing policy can be comprehensive holistic to add 00:06:26.460 --> 00:06:28.210 this each of the barrier. 00:06:28.210 --> 00:06:36.460 There are barriers like standard norms and schedules, I mean we have specific Indian 00:06:36.460 --> 00:06:41.250 standards or building construction and all those practices, but when we invite the new 00:06:41.250 --> 00:06:46.810 technology or the new materials definitely we have to update the norms and standard and 00:06:46.810 --> 00:06:49.370 have to make the new standards and norms. 00:06:49.370 --> 00:06:54.960 That is what the requirement, so based on the barriers, we discussing the housing policy 00:06:54.960 --> 00:06:55.960 now. 00:06:55.960 --> 00:06:57.300 The policy has different dimensions. 00:06:57.300 --> 00:06:58.990 What is the policy? 00:06:58.990 --> 00:07:02.360 So we discussed various dimensions one by one. 00:07:02.360 --> 00:07:06.930 So policy basically overall goal or focus and a target group. 00:07:06.930 --> 00:07:14.100 A policy definitely will indicate the target group to which the policy is aim to and also 00:07:14.100 --> 00:07:16.330 it should have a overall goal and focus. 00:07:16.330 --> 00:07:22.130 For example, the current policy, housing policies main focus is to achieve house in for all 00:07:22.130 --> 00:07:24.230 by 2022. 00:07:24.230 --> 00:07:29.150 And this target group is basically the people who do not have the house or in future who 00:07:29.150 --> 00:07:33.780 will lose their house or they do not have the possible people who need the house in 00:07:33.780 --> 00:07:35.790 future also. 00:07:35.790 --> 00:07:40.400 For housing subject like housing land is very very essential. 00:07:40.400 --> 00:07:42.720 We cannot make the housing project in sky. 00:07:42.720 --> 00:07:46.470 We have to have the land in our facility of the cities. 00:07:46.470 --> 00:07:52.180 So housing policy definitely should all over indicate the land availability. 00:07:52.180 --> 00:07:57.690 Then finance, around the resource required is finance. 00:07:57.690 --> 00:08:02.950 Most of the cases the finance is required from various sources private, public, the 00:08:02.950 --> 00:08:06.780 NRI fund, the foreign direct investment. 00:08:06.780 --> 00:08:15.840 So policy document definitely will indicate the finance availability and its mechanism. 00:08:15.840 --> 00:08:22.190 Then technology and supplies are intervention should be also adjust in the policy current 00:08:22.190 --> 00:08:28.180 policy, housing policy adequately adjust this issue ensuring right of the excluded rules 00:08:28.180 --> 00:08:33.260 we have told that economical weaker section and lower income group even if they have major 00:08:33.260 --> 00:08:37.209 deficiencies in the housing the market supplies are very less. 00:08:37.209 --> 00:08:43.490 So how a policy mechanism can address that issue that is very very important through 00:08:43.490 --> 00:08:45.700 the programs of the intervention. 00:08:45.700 --> 00:08:51.300 Providing legal in institutional frame work for reform providing time and targets for 00:08:51.300 --> 00:08:53.420 the institutions and the organizations. 00:08:53.420 --> 00:08:56.360 So that they can achieve the overall target and the goal. 00:08:56.360 --> 00:09:01.200 So these are the various policy we discussed policy parameters or dimension. 00:09:01.200 --> 00:09:08.030 Now coming to the land matters, they are all four basically four approach by which we can 00:09:08.030 --> 00:09:10.570 make the land available for the housing project. 00:09:10.570 --> 00:09:16.060 The first approach was land acquisition where the government authority can acquired the 00:09:16.060 --> 00:09:20.400 land for the bigger projects that we know use of the land acquisition act. 00:09:20.400 --> 00:09:26.050 Presently in 2013 and 2014 who have amended the land acquisition act which was very earlier 00:09:26.050 --> 00:09:27.050 very older act. 00:09:27.050 --> 00:09:29.910 But we have amended that at recently. 00:09:29.910 --> 00:09:35.060 Then second is the master plan based approach which is not exactly acquiring the land, but 00:09:35.060 --> 00:09:43.480 to control the land by indicating by prescribing the desire land use, the density and is various 00:09:43.480 --> 00:09:48.130 utilization factors including the building contracts and regulation. 00:09:48.130 --> 00:09:53.540 The second part of the land assembly based approach where we do not acquire the land 00:09:53.540 --> 00:09:54.820 as such permanently. 00:09:54.820 --> 00:09:57.730 But we take the land from the people for some time. 00:09:57.730 --> 00:10:02.680 We assemble the land, we develop the land and then some part of the land is given back 00:10:02.680 --> 00:10:06.780 to the people and some part of the land is utilized for the future developmental of the 00:10:06.780 --> 00:10:08.780 infrastructure and housing. 00:10:08.780 --> 00:10:14.280 So that is third approach before the approach is the public private partnership models here 00:10:14.280 --> 00:10:21.230 neither we acquire land, neither master plan base approach. 00:10:21.230 --> 00:10:30.270 But we then overall frame work of master plan some bigger land for a particular public purpose 00:10:30.270 --> 00:10:36.990 can be acquired by the private agency and the private agency can work under the collaboration 00:10:36.990 --> 00:10:42.110 or under the partnership with public agency and that we become the private public partnership 00:10:42.110 --> 00:10:46.530 model so that is called guided land level of is. 00:10:46.530 --> 00:10:52.740 This four approach is basically available right now in which we can expect the better 00:10:52.740 --> 00:10:58.120 land available for the housing project. 00:10:58.120 --> 00:11:04.630 So these are the reforms other than the land the various reforms like 100% foreign direct 00:11:04.630 --> 00:11:07.420 investment urban land ceiling act. 00:11:07.420 --> 00:11:11.860 The land ceiling act was there till some years back. 00:11:11.860 --> 00:11:16.860 So it basically registered the land bigger land holding under one ownership. 00:11:16.860 --> 00:11:22.760 So that is now repealed that is why the bigger land is available In the cities. 00:11:22.760 --> 00:11:29.130 Reformal land acquisition we had already amended the land acquisition act then real estate 00:11:29.130 --> 00:11:34.640 investment fund and trust and developers will we have recently make the developers build 00:11:34.640 --> 00:11:37.470 to convert to this build to act. 00:11:37.470 --> 00:11:43.580 So right now this is the objective of this investment trusties to make the finals available 00:11:43.580 --> 00:11:46.520 from the investment of the people. 00:11:46.520 --> 00:11:52.080 And the objective of the developers act was to ensure the transparency and accountability 00:11:52.080 --> 00:11:57.510 of the people or the home barrier who are the endorsers in the house planning and management 00:11:57.510 --> 00:12:00.650 process. 00:12:00.650 --> 00:12:04.910 And also refund is required in the property tax and stamp duty and the housing construction 00:12:04.910 --> 00:12:09.960 is not sufficiency after the construction the transaction or the registration of the 00:12:09.960 --> 00:12:15.240 housing or the house unit in the name of the owner or the endures are very important and 00:12:15.240 --> 00:12:20.480 that the ground the how benefit could be given to the economical weaker section and the lower 00:12:20.480 --> 00:12:22.190 income group that is a challenge. 00:12:22.190 --> 00:12:28.260 That is one reform all the state government they are bringing in the land matters then 00:12:28.260 --> 00:12:34.589 on the financial matters the interest subsidy is given through various schemes given by 00:12:34.589 --> 00:12:36.680 the government. 00:12:36.680 --> 00:12:42.630 And also we are facilitating private developers and joint ventures, after that we also discuss 00:12:42.630 --> 00:12:48.420 the affordability as a subject we discuss that affordability traditionally was approach 00:12:48.420 --> 00:12:49.670 from income perspective. 00:12:49.670 --> 00:12:57.800 All of these we calculate the affordability from the income level of the people or their 00:12:57.800 --> 00:13:03.790 family, but right now we are slowly slowly going to a paradigm where the affordability 00:13:03.790 --> 00:13:09.670 is considered as a physical phenomena of a floor space considering lot of people or a 00:13:09.670 --> 00:13:17.560 family that initially they are able to only have a very small house. 00:13:17.560 --> 00:13:22.460 And over the years when they get more earning they can gradually go to the higher level 00:13:22.460 --> 00:13:30.380 of housing so the change is from a income based approach to an area based approach. 00:13:30.380 --> 00:13:35.400 Like in government of India they have provide up to 300 square feet for the economical weaker 00:13:35.400 --> 00:13:40.370 section and 300 to 599 square feet for the LIG people. 00:13:40.370 --> 00:13:45.520 Similarly for another state government we have shown in similar square feet or income 00:13:45.520 --> 00:13:52.410 both are there but right now most of the cases we are going thought this that is the income 00:13:52.410 --> 00:13:55.610 floor area approach. 00:13:55.610 --> 00:14:00.610 After that we discussed technical systems the essence of the technology system was that 00:14:00.610 --> 00:14:07.089 to go for a side to come from site build construction schedule to a modular construction schedule 00:14:07.089 --> 00:14:14.390 were we minimize the site building construction structure which it transfer to the building 00:14:14.390 --> 00:14:20.550 in a plant and so that we can reduce the time and save the time and more time save the more 00:14:20.550 --> 00:14:25.720 the cost economy and more the effectiveness of the house and not only that we can achieve 00:14:25.720 --> 00:14:31.390 the quality better if we go for a balance between the on side activity and the off side 00:14:31.390 --> 00:14:32.390 activity. 00:14:32.390 --> 00:14:39.240 So considering the technology these systems we have, we have several options like say 00:14:39.240 --> 00:14:44.790 balance option or the flame option from that we discussed the frame option is the suitable 00:14:44.790 --> 00:14:51.020 option and for Indian case we show the case study also and in kind program like Pradhan 00:14:51.020 --> 00:14:53.990 mantra awas yojana. 00:14:53.990 --> 00:14:58.750 And that technology summation which is a part of Pradhan mandri yojana they are focusing 00:14:58.750 --> 00:15:00.010 on that only. 00:15:00.010 --> 00:15:03.930 So coming to the current government program Pradhan mandri yojana has four components 00:15:03.930 --> 00:15:04.930 the first component is about, 00:15:04.930 --> 00:15:05.930 20 to end 00:15:05.930 --> 00:15:06.930 In the next stage we can incorporate the essence of planning after the policy. 00:15:06.930 --> 00:15:07.930 Now policy is a basically broad framework. 00:15:07.930 --> 00:15:08.930 Okay. 00:15:08.930 --> 00:15:09.930 So what does a policy do? 00:15:09.930 --> 00:15:10.930 Policy gives a overall umbrella because India a country like India is very large country 00:15:10.930 --> 00:15:14.280 having so many geographical variations so many cultural variation so many economic variations 00:15:14.280 --> 00:15:17.630 so policy gives a umbrella of the holistic approach towards solving a problem. 00:15:17.630 --> 00:15:21.250 So it gives a overall target overall idea and overall broad guidelines broad framework 00:15:21.250 --> 00:15:27.450 but what it does not give is a specific prescription for a particular city or a particular region 00:15:27.450 --> 00:15:33.120 for example if you want to make a city plan or a housing proposal for a particular city 00:15:33.120 --> 00:15:37.670 the housing policy does not give that a exact prescription so this city authority or the 00:15:37.670 --> 00:15:41.040 authority which is entitled or involved to do that they have to do the next level of 00:15:41.040 --> 00:15:46.220 the exercise which we call; at planning , sometimes we call it urban planning or rural and sometimes 00:15:46.220 --> 00:15:48.770 the planning which we call as regional planning sometimes. 00:15:48.770 --> 00:15:53.020 We call it as state level or national level planning but when we talk about a physical 00:15:53.020 --> 00:15:56.100 planning geographic planning basically this two are the options when we talk about the 00:15:56.100 --> 00:16:03.220 physical planning , physical means whenever we are going to prescribe 00:16:03.220 --> 00:16:11.080 in specific intervention in any geographical land geographical piece of land or land cover 00:16:11.080 --> 00:16:17.870 so this is the next stage after the policy which is basically a broad framework the urban 00:16:17.870 --> 00:16:27.770 and the regional planning but whether the planning is done for the housing or any other 00:16:27.770 --> 00:16:32.640 components are there no, planning is done for all the parameters in involving the human 00:16:32.640 --> 00:16:37.930 life, for example transportation , accessibility, housing, the industrial development the commercial 00:16:37.930 --> 00:16:49.209 development the city level open spaces and the all the institutions and the health facilty 00:16:49.209 --> 00:17:04.240 so housing the planning is done for all aspects of development so then it follow the next 00:17:04.240 --> 00:17:07.630 level; Of planning exercise we do a detail exercise 00:17:07.630 --> 00:17:16.100 for housing the transportation planning the mobility aspect and the green aspect everything 00:17:16.100 --> 00:17:24.749 so we make a the next stages document or it can be called as a detailed sect oral plan 00:17:24.749 --> 00:17:35.460 so in this detail sectoral plan or stragic document we will detail out each piece of 00:17:35.460 --> 00:17:42.740 land about its use about the typology prescribed and how we can achieve that both are considered 00:17:42.740 --> 00:17:52.169 but before we go to to that level we have to touch up on the planning to understand 00:17:52.169 --> 00:17:54.029 it mechanism fully. 00:17:54.029 --> 00:17:59.429 So planning so how the planning is done at the urban and the regional level considering 00:17:59.429 --> 00:18:03.100 the policy aspects now there are it of policy like housing policy, environmental policy, 00:18:03.100 --> 00:18:08.649 transport policy lot of policies are there so in a planning basically we combine all 00:18:08.649 --> 00:18:15.259 the policies so we reflect all the policy in the planning of a city or region and then 00:18:15.259 --> 00:18:22.580 we detail out each strategic document one by one based on the policy parameter and the 00:18:22.580 --> 00:18:29.020 planning , so what does a planning exercise or a strategic exercise offer it offers a 00:18:29.020 --> 00:18:37.159 very specific prescription of a city or a village or a region prescription can be detailed 00:18:37.159 --> 00:18:38.929 for a land matter. 00:18:38.929 --> 00:18:48.110 Can be financial matter can be institunal matter can be the built how the building will 00:18:48.110 --> 00:18:57.830 come out what it will be the heights total volume what it will be typology what it will 00:18:57.830 --> 00:19:03.480 be its use what it will be it composition what it will be its classification how does 00:19:03.480 --> 00:19:33.700 it look like the way we build a city so each and every thing will be prescribed in planning 00:19:33.700 --> 00:19:45.559 and followed by the strategic document which is not possible in the policy document, because 00:19:45.559 --> 00:20:01.399 policy document is a overall broad framework of all the states and all the cities all the 00:20:01.399 --> 00:20:39.200 region in the country irrespective of the 00:20:39.200 --> 00:20:51.970 geographical variations irrespective of cultural variations 00:20:51.970 --> 00:21:51.929 so taking this concept in our mind so let us see what are the major points in the 00:21:51.929 --> 00:22:16.830 planning which we will cover in the next few lectures like we discussed the frame work 00:22:16.830 --> 00:22:19.739 of long medium and short term. 00:22:19.739 --> 00:22:48.950 Road map of any specific geographic area so based on this discussion the planning basically 00:22:48.950 --> 00:23:06.210 can be a long term like 20 to 25 years. 00:23:06.210 --> 00:23:34.909 It can be medium term 5 to 10 years it can be very short term like 6 months 1 year. 00:23:34.909 --> 00:23:49.869 Action plan 1 year prescription for development for any geographical area and it is contextual 00:23:49.869 --> 00:24:11.149 it is contextual planning and strategy for any development is always contextual the 00:24:11.149 --> 00:24:57.340 planning made for the green planning is labor applicable for the hill areas planning made 00:24:57.340 --> 00:26:41.889 for the 00:26:41.889 --> 00:26:45.070 hill areas never will be applicable for the coastal areas. 00:26:45.070 --> 00:26:51.869 So these are different basically planning is done after the policy so planning follows 00:26:51.869 --> 00:27:00.419 the policy whatever the policy mandates or policy guidelines there so planning cannot 00:27:00.419 --> 00:27:05.960 deviate that planning has to follow that but based on that definitely planning can diversify 00:27:05.960 --> 00:31:36.239 in few areas