WEBVTT Kind: captions Language: en 00:00:19.260 --> 00:00:28.040 Hello, today we will discuss the second part of the discussion, second part of the infrastructure 00:00:28.040 --> 00:00:32.000 and services and the facilities for required for housing. 00:00:32.000 --> 00:00:38.350 So last day we discussed the requirement, I mean how the infrastructure and services 00:00:38.350 --> 00:00:44.600 are the very important part of housing development or any township development and we discussed 00:00:44.600 --> 00:00:47.190 some element of the transportation and road. 00:00:47.190 --> 00:00:54.180 The categories of road, how differ hierarchy of the roads are placed and you also told 00:00:54.180 --> 00:01:00.610 that the infrastructures, services, facilities and amenities are planned at various levels 00:01:00.610 --> 00:01:07.300 starting from the local level, cluster level, neighbourhood level and at the city level. 00:01:07.300 --> 00:01:11.820 So based on the different level the requirement of the land, requirement of the investment 00:01:11.820 --> 00:01:15.830 and the planning approach will be different. 00:01:15.830 --> 00:01:22.570 So far all kind of infrastructure, the different approach and different requirements are there 00:01:22.570 --> 00:01:27.830 out of that the most important part of the transportation and road, which is another 00:01:27.830 --> 00:01:30.030 part of the physical infrastructure. 00:01:30.030 --> 00:01:36.310 So physical infrastructures are the physically the infrastructures, which are physically 00:01:36.310 --> 00:01:42.170 existing we can see fill and benefit of the physical infrastructure, we call it as service 00:01:42.170 --> 00:01:44.780 like water supply, or electricity whatever. 00:01:44.780 --> 00:01:50.380 And the some amount of facilities in term of social infrastructure or social amenities 00:01:50.380 --> 00:01:58.420 are provided and the facilities and amenities both basically qualifies the house as a it 00:01:58.420 --> 00:02:03.200 improves the quality of the living or the quality of the live substantially for any 00:02:03.200 --> 00:02:04.450 housing project. 00:02:04.450 --> 00:02:10.720 So based on that today we will have just overview of few others infrastructures like electricity, 00:02:10.720 --> 00:02:17.120 drainage, sanitation, and worst management, how it place very crucial road in township 00:02:17.120 --> 00:02:21.900 development or any city and how it is related with housing development. 00:02:21.900 --> 00:02:30.840 So, for this we already had discussion on the last day’s discussion, last day few 00:02:30.840 --> 00:02:37.159 points so far any drainage development what are the major consideration before he come 00:02:37.159 --> 00:02:42.900 to the points, the drainage is important because to develop any township or any city the most 00:02:42.900 --> 00:02:49.739 important part of the vulneuarability of the particular area is the flat situation. 00:02:49.739 --> 00:02:56.439 So for during any rainy season it can go below the flat level and the flat water can come. 00:02:56.439 --> 00:03:01.939 So it is always important to check the flat level of any area before the development of 00:03:01.939 --> 00:03:04.279 any housing development or housing project. 00:03:04.279 --> 00:03:13.459 So maintaining the flat level is very important apart from the flat level another points are 00:03:13.459 --> 00:03:20.930 out full and the where the drainage water surface drainage, water will go and will be 00:03:20.930 --> 00:03:22.469 disposed off. 00:03:22.469 --> 00:03:29.690 For any housing develop or any township development, the huge area areas under the concreting or 00:03:29.690 --> 00:03:36.919 the hot surface so because of the hard surface it does not observe the rain water or the 00:03:36.919 --> 00:03:42.239 surface water and as a result the surface water, the rain water it comes to the out 00:03:42.239 --> 00:03:43.239 full area. 00:03:43.239 --> 00:03:50.319 So out full can be for a city or the overall township or out full can be at the local level. 00:03:50.319 --> 00:03:57.719 So in some of the places when one particular municipal area or one particular town or city 00:03:57.719 --> 00:04:04.269 does not have out full or it is not having the out full because of it local so there 00:04:04.269 --> 00:04:07.640 could be possibility that we could have trans municipal planning. 00:04:07.640 --> 00:04:12.939 So we can take few municipalities few bigger township or some combination of small and 00:04:12.939 --> 00:04:20.930 medium township to make a large drainage facility to orient them to guide them to the large 00:04:20.930 --> 00:04:26.260 this you are out full facility and also the maintains of lay fall and engineering aspects 00:04:26.260 --> 00:04:31.680 are very important as per the housing development is concern, we can go for closed and open 00:04:31.680 --> 00:04:32.680 rent. 00:04:32.680 --> 00:04:38.530 So far drainage one major important is along the roads, we provide the drainage in both 00:04:38.530 --> 00:04:42.950 side of the road like last day we discuss the arterial roads or vertical road elected 00:04:42.950 --> 00:04:44.390 in the local road. 00:04:44.390 --> 00:04:47.410 For each kind of road the surface drainage was there. 00:04:47.410 --> 00:04:55.410 No drainage could be closed or open. 00:04:55.410 --> 00:05:01.980 So one more point like for drainage if the township is very huge and large for maintaining 00:05:01.980 --> 00:05:07.540 this loads sometimes the lifting facility or drainage pumping session could be required. 00:05:07.540 --> 00:05:13.850 So as per this space is required for drainage you could not need another separate space 00:05:13.850 --> 00:05:18.510 for designing because it is accommodated within along the road, but for the pumping station 00:05:18.510 --> 00:05:25.920 definitely you need little bigger junk of the land so that you can take the water, you 00:05:25.920 --> 00:05:30.750 pump it to the different level so that the water can go to the final out full, which 00:05:30.750 --> 00:05:36.620 can be kind of a river or can be canal or can be any other natural out-full. 00:05:36.620 --> 00:05:45.320 Usually for the final out-fall or the external outfall we treat the natural course of water 00:05:45.320 --> 00:05:47.460 as the major mean of the out-fall. 00:05:47.460 --> 00:05:53.920 So apart from the drainage we have the power supply or electricity. 00:05:53.920 --> 00:06:01.190 Electricity can be generator through different modes like say the thermal power plant or 00:06:01.190 --> 00:06:05.700 nuclear power plant or hydro power plant or renewable energy. 00:06:05.700 --> 00:06:13.180 Now for housing development or city development we need to establish basically the areas where 00:06:13.180 --> 00:06:21.230 the substation will be put, the various level of substation based on the city level or the 00:06:21.230 --> 00:06:22.640 local level substation. 00:06:22.640 --> 00:06:28.780 So those area requirements are listed in the numbs and cords and apart from this substation 00:06:28.780 --> 00:06:34.500 area we need to accommodate the lift installation along the road sometime the electricity wires 00:06:34.500 --> 00:06:37.140 are put in the underground or it can be over ground. 00:06:37.140 --> 00:06:44.140 So whatever it is the basic focus is that we need a dedicated space for electrical installation 00:06:44.140 --> 00:06:47.410 along the road and at the substation area. 00:06:47.410 --> 00:06:52.680 So if you are going to develop a large area of land in bigger housing project or bigger 00:06:52.680 --> 00:07:00.240 township project so you have to keeps some amount of area ranging from to 2 to 5% for 00:07:00.240 --> 00:07:04.630 the power original ration for distribution, electrical distribution, the substation and 00:07:04.630 --> 00:07:09.540 the distribution wires along the roads. 00:07:09.540 --> 00:07:16.960 (Refer Slide Time: 07:24 ) Like this so along this road you can put this 00:07:16.960 --> 00:07:23.610 kind of areas for the street lights and in both side you can take another if the road 00:07:23.610 --> 00:07:31.080 is very wider like arterial road or sub arterial road, the electrical instillation can be accommodated. 00:07:31.080 --> 00:07:34.740 Then we come to the river and sanitation this is very, very important because without this 00:07:34.740 --> 00:07:41.230 facility plot or raw plot or agricultural plot does not become a live able plot. 00:07:41.230 --> 00:07:46.140 So there are separate sewerage and sanitations. 00:07:46.140 --> 00:07:51.860 Objectives of the sewerage and sanitation are to have a sustainable disposal of the 00:07:51.860 --> 00:07:58.840 human excreta and the liquid human excrete and elected waste. 00:07:58.840 --> 00:08:07.430 So one approach is natural and the traditional process for example is Kolkata wed land and 00:08:07.430 --> 00:08:09.030 worst cycling region. 00:08:09.030 --> 00:08:17.330 It is the very huge recycling region where the natural process is there to recycle the 00:08:17.330 --> 00:08:22.090 waste water and the natural recycling of this river. 00:08:22.090 --> 00:08:27.170 Apart from the natural process there could be underground favourite system where you 00:08:27.170 --> 00:08:32.560 have to establish various treatment plans and from this various treatment plan you can 00:08:32.560 --> 00:08:35.839 several distribution dots like this. 00:08:35.839 --> 00:08:50.730 So in plant underground sewerage system you have like STP. 00:08:50.730 --> 00:09:00.320 Now STP takes very huge area 50 to 60 hector in a bigger project and from HTP you have 00:09:00.320 --> 00:09:12.620 to have the distribution through the road again below 00:09:12.620 --> 00:09:17.490 the road or sometimes it can be distributed below the ground like green open areas. 00:09:17.490 --> 00:09:29.200 And to maintain the slope sometime sewerage lifting 00:09:29.200 --> 00:09:37.250 stations are also provided and this is the house hold. 00:09:37.250 --> 00:09:41.380 So from house hold this sewerage comes like this. 00:09:41.380 --> 00:09:49.370 So this is the intimidate IS, LS, intermediate sewerage lifting station and from the sewerage 00:09:49.370 --> 00:09:52.900 military station this your come to the STP for the treatment. 00:09:52.900 --> 00:09:54.840 So this is the fundamental process. 00:09:54.840 --> 00:10:01.860 So intermediate sewerage lifting station require some amount of space ranging from 50 to 60 00:10:01.860 --> 00:10:07.960 meter in to another 50 to 60 meter and the sewerage can be taken below the road or below 00:10:07.960 --> 00:10:10.010 the any other open space like that. 00:10:10.010 --> 00:10:17.900 So for example, if this is a local road last day we discussed the sessions of lob areas, 00:10:17.900 --> 00:10:24.700 kinds of load, so usually sewerage is taken below the road like this sewerage pipelines. 00:10:24.700 --> 00:10:40.570 Whereas the drainage like this, objective is that surface water can come to the drainage 00:10:40.570 --> 00:10:50.540 and water and also the from the house hold this is the building. 00:10:50.540 --> 00:11:02.560 At the spite of the building so from the building the surface water can come to the drainage 00:11:02.560 --> 00:11:06.440 box and also from the road the water can come to the drainage box. 00:11:06.440 --> 00:11:20.060 So drainage can come in both side of the road and this sewerage line right and also we can 00:11:20.060 --> 00:11:32.270 keep dedicate space for electricity like this. 00:11:32.270 --> 00:11:38.820 So this is arrangement for local roads if it is arterial or sub arterial road similarly 00:11:38.820 --> 00:11:43.500 this can be distributed over the whole area and the more number of drainage pipe lines 00:11:43.500 --> 00:11:50.220 or drainage bus gates or drainage boxes can come in that case. 00:11:50.220 --> 00:11:59.210 So apart from the treatment process including the sewerage treatment plan and the lifting 00:11:59.210 --> 00:12:05.750 station and the network, there could be local system like the septic tank or the soak pit 00:12:05.750 --> 00:12:12.149 which is popular in various rural areas and also suburban areas where individual family 00:12:12.149 --> 00:12:19.660 or house can or a simple housing project or small community, can have a bigger septic 00:12:19.660 --> 00:12:26.680 tank and through the septic tank they can have the sewerage facility or sanitation facility. 00:12:26.680 --> 00:12:30.720 So this personalized solution is available in small cities and it is very much popular. 00:12:30.720 --> 00:12:36.650 The advantage of this facility that it is maintain by the individual invocative for 00:12:36.650 --> 00:12:41.770 this you do not have to put any extra money from the authority, but the disadvantage is 00:12:41.770 --> 00:12:48.000 that sometimes it can create problem in the area because of the non-maintains and the 00:12:48.000 --> 00:12:54.170 advantage of the underground sewerage system is that it provides the land suitability. 00:12:54.170 --> 00:13:00.660 I mean it provides the effective system using very minimum amount of space because here 00:13:00.660 --> 00:13:04.220 you are not using the space for septic tank. 00:13:04.220 --> 00:13:10.410 The space tank is safe through this sewerage network and but it is definitely a costly 00:13:10.410 --> 00:13:16.250 options then the individual septic tank, so both are having the advantages and disadvantages 00:13:16.250 --> 00:13:19.399 as per the township and housing is developed. 00:13:19.399 --> 00:13:29.330 So this is example of the natural area of the Kolkata white land and the cycling region, 00:13:29.330 --> 00:13:36.210 which basically recycles the west and the sewer water from the city of Kolkata, so lot 00:13:36.210 --> 00:13:41.180 of natural water bodies is there and this water bodies are having the fish. 00:13:41.180 --> 00:13:49.640 So fish are feed and because of the fish feeding they recycle this sewerage in natural way. 00:13:49.640 --> 00:13:55.170 So this is new example, so because of the unique example the main part of the Kolkata 00:13:55.170 --> 00:13:58.600 residence are the housing projects are the people look at their they get the benefit, 00:13:58.600 --> 00:14:03.680 but definitely for other areas like town Kolkata or the other areas and other cities we showed. 00:14:03.680 --> 00:14:15.490 They need to have the sewerage treatment plan or the personal facility like septic tank. 00:14:15.490 --> 00:14:21.240 The second part is very important part is the waste management for any housing area 00:14:21.240 --> 00:14:29.520 or any locality we have seen the one of the major problem in today life is waste management. 00:14:29.520 --> 00:14:35.589 Everywhere you will find that the solid waste or the liquid waste is lying in the road at 00:14:35.589 --> 00:14:36.900 the open area. 00:14:36.900 --> 00:14:44.209 You have definitely about this region, the objective for this region is to have the 100% 00:14:44.209 --> 00:14:47.250 waste management in our cities are in our housing areas. 00:14:47.250 --> 00:14:54.200 And also to eliminate the open defecation for our country so apart from this sewage 00:14:54.200 --> 00:14:58.530 barath of the region though it is mission for all over the India for each and every 00:14:58.530 --> 00:15:04.810 housing project or every township development, waste management is an essential services, 00:15:04.810 --> 00:15:09.760 essential infrastructure we should establish so waste management has several stages like 00:15:09.760 --> 00:15:14.360 say collection, distribution segregation, and treatment and recovery. 00:15:14.360 --> 00:15:22.490 So we have several stages of the collection it can be collected at the house hold level. 00:15:22.490 --> 00:15:46.920 So at the house hold level the collected and then it can be carried to the neighbourhood 00:15:46.920 --> 00:15:53.490 level. 00:15:53.490 --> 00:16:12.970 Now they neighbourhood level collection can be through the carriage facts or carriage 00:16:12.970 --> 00:16:25.220 wires provided by the municipal authority so either it can be carried out by the manually 00:16:25.220 --> 00:16:26.570 transported courts. 00:16:26.570 --> 00:16:34.680 So from the house hold to neighbourhood level so this is the primary collection. 00:16:34.680 --> 00:16:51.240 At the never hood level it is secondary collection and after that it will transported to designated 00:16:51.240 --> 00:17:07.179 area in the city or city level or zone level where large amount of areas will be reserved 00:17:07.179 --> 00:17:18.919 to bring the areas which we called as tertiary collection. 00:17:18.919 --> 00:17:26.250 So from secondary to tertiary this part since it involve some much amount of the sewerage 00:17:26.250 --> 00:17:32.110 so it is basically not manual so it can be manual definitely. 00:17:32.110 --> 00:17:56.240 But it is not manual by the mechanised mode and after this we go for disposal and treatment. 00:17:56.240 --> 00:18:00.910 So this is mechanism of the waste management for as per as the housing or the residential 00:18:00.910 --> 00:18:06.930 areas or concern another very important concept here is the segregation. 00:18:06.930 --> 00:18:26.280 We have basically organic and inorganic element of waste so for every treatment the segregation 00:18:26.280 --> 00:18:29.370 of organic and inorganic waste is very important part. 00:18:29.370 --> 00:18:34.520 So one of the objective of the segregation is that weather we can segregate this organic 00:18:34.520 --> 00:18:41.220 and inorganic west at the primary level using different kind of bucket system or different 00:18:41.220 --> 00:18:47.000 colour bucket system so that organic and inorganic can be collected in the separate bucket and 00:18:47.000 --> 00:18:52.330 then collected separately to the level collection facility. 00:18:52.330 --> 00:18:59.180 So the ultimately the process become easier, process becomes the user friendly. 00:18:59.180 --> 00:19:04.230 So far the distribution at the secondary level and the tertiary level we need substantial 00:19:04.230 --> 00:19:10.380 amount of land space at the suitable local in the locality so that you can accommodate 00:19:10.380 --> 00:19:16.549 the collection facility, but definitely it should be design and plan in such way so that 00:19:16.549 --> 00:19:19.250 it should not disturbed the neighbouring area. 00:19:19.250 --> 00:19:26.549 It should not imitate the false smell in the area but adequately it should be located in 00:19:26.549 --> 00:19:27.549 such a way. 00:19:27.549 --> 00:19:33.480 So that it can collect the garbage from the overall neighbouring area from the primary 00:19:33.480 --> 00:19:34.480 collection. 00:19:34.480 --> 00:19:38.350 So that is the distribution facility required from the township level. 00:19:38.350 --> 00:19:43.490 Segregation we discussed then treatment and disposal, recovery and reuse. 00:19:43.490 --> 00:19:51.170 So at the disposal level there it is not fully un disposal of the current course but definitely 00:19:51.170 --> 00:19:56.040 recovery of the cost is very important part in the waste management. 00:19:56.040 --> 00:20:02.730 Unlike the water supply or electricity The waste is one area for recovery is very 00:20:02.730 --> 00:20:07.420 challenging because nobody is ready to pay money for the waste recovery. 00:20:07.420 --> 00:20:13.820 So we can pay like for the primary collection the people who are collecting waste from our 00:20:13.820 --> 00:20:19.870 household level, but what after that when the waste to the disposal and for the treatment. 00:20:19.870 --> 00:20:26.480 So there are means and methods how, where we can technically and physically we can recycle 00:20:26.480 --> 00:20:32.850 the waste and from the recycled waste we can develop several product and product can be 00:20:32.850 --> 00:20:35.470 utilize for the recovery of the projects. 00:20:35.470 --> 00:20:41.890 So the whole method of the primary, secondary and tertiary collection disposal and treatment 00:20:41.890 --> 00:20:44.360 could be decided in such a way. 00:20:44.360 --> 00:20:52.179 So that in a township it functions and sustainably as per as the environment is concerns sustainably 00:20:52.179 --> 00:20:55.050 as well as the economical recovery is concern. 00:20:55.050 --> 00:21:00.870 So waste management is very important but do not neglect the part in wherever you get 00:21:00.870 --> 00:21:11.210 the opportunity to plan and deciding the township or the housing development. 00:21:11.210 --> 00:21:17.010 So in the next lecture though we will come to the discussion of the social infrastructure 00:21:17.010 --> 00:21:24.400 but before you close the section let me mention few more infrastructures which we deal apart 00:21:24.400 --> 00:21:31.929 from the electricity, sanitation and drainage and waste management like few more infrastructures 00:21:31.929 --> 00:21:35.440 like gas supply, petrol pumps. 00:21:35.440 --> 00:21:42.110 These are very important physical element or physical elements which are facilities 00:21:42.110 --> 00:21:43.110 required. 00:21:43.110 --> 00:21:49.150 Sometimes like in few townships you have seen that gas supply is possible through the pipe 00:21:49.150 --> 00:21:54.830 network, so if the gas supply is given through the pipe network so that space should be kept 00:21:54.830 --> 00:21:59.920 at the adequately in the road or in some other suitable place. 00:21:59.920 --> 00:22:06.210 So that is one part and other than that also distribution network of the gas and the network 00:22:06.210 --> 00:22:12.240 of the petrol pumps and the gas distribution stations are required at the various location 00:22:12.240 --> 00:22:13.490 of the township. 00:22:13.490 --> 00:22:23.730 So apart from that few more physical element apart from the district likes a terminals 00:22:23.730 --> 00:22:29.610 and we have discussed about the road but apart from the road we need large terminals like 00:22:29.610 --> 00:22:34.960 say railway stations or the ports or the metro stations. 00:22:34.960 --> 00:22:40.440 So how terminals can be integrated in the other element of the development of the residential 00:22:40.440 --> 00:22:46.080 development and other development that is very important as per as the development of 00:22:46.080 --> 00:22:51.820 any housing area or residential use concern because please take mental note that for any 00:22:51.820 --> 00:22:56.520 residential development very important part of the residential development is how it is 00:22:56.520 --> 00:23:02.720 connected with the commercial area or the areas where the live job opportunities or 00:23:02.720 --> 00:23:05.590 the job locations are there. 00:23:05.590 --> 00:23:11.260 So for that connectivity and the linkage are very important, so for this reason the road 00:23:11.260 --> 00:23:19.730 connectivity, linkage and the notes are very important to locate and to design. 00:23:19.730 --> 00:23:26.290 Apart from the road and transportation we have discussed today for the drainage where 00:23:26.290 --> 00:23:31.760 we discuss the very important part of the drainage is the out fall and the distribution 00:23:31.760 --> 00:23:35.730 system and drainage is designed and the located in the road itself. 00:23:35.730 --> 00:23:40.200 we discussed about the electrical system, where electrical system similarly the electrical 00:23:40.200 --> 00:23:46.400 system is placed below the road but we need substation at the sector level and the city 00:23:46.400 --> 00:23:49.340 level after that we have discussed the sewerage of sanitation system. 00:23:49.340 --> 00:23:55.390 Sewerage of sanitation system is consisting of the sewerage treating plan it is network 00:23:55.390 --> 00:23:58.950 and its collection at different location. 00:23:58.950 --> 00:24:06.440 It can be naturally treated it can be mechanically treated using sewerage treatment plan or it 00:24:06.440 --> 00:24:12.070 can be design as personal life like septic tank and the sewerage. 00:24:12.070 --> 00:24:17.560 Finally we discussed the waste management where the waste can be solid waste, liquid 00:24:17.560 --> 00:24:23.799 waste or biological or the medical waste but for our case the housing development the solid 00:24:23.799 --> 00:24:29.520 waste which is coming from the household day to day basic that is very, very important. 00:24:29.520 --> 00:24:35.160 So two kinds of waste are there organic and inorganic, so the objective is to segregate 00:24:35.160 --> 00:24:40.280 them at the primary collection that is at the household level and then to transport 00:24:40.280 --> 00:24:45.380 at the neighbourhood level, secondary collection and at the city or the journal level and the 00:24:45.380 --> 00:24:51.880 tertiary collection and the major part of the waste management is the its treatment 00:24:51.880 --> 00:24:52.880 and disposal. 00:24:52.880 --> 00:25:02.080 So that we can on the recovery of the amount we invested for this purpose and so next day 00:25:02.080 --> 00:25:08.070 we will discuss about the other part of infrastructural facility the social part, so for we have discussed 00:25:08.070 --> 00:25:13.830 road transportation, drainage electricity and waste management and sanitation and also 00:25:13.830 --> 00:25:19.340 we have mentioned about few more element like gas supply and the petrol pumps and all those 00:25:19.340 --> 00:25:20.340 facility. 00:25:20.340 --> 00:25:25.840 So next day we will discuss about the social facility, social infrastructure and the community 00:25:25.840 --> 00:25:30.830 facilities and ammonites required at the site or beyond the site which is very, very essential 00:25:30.830 --> 00:25:35.260 and also we will see that how the norms and standards are there what kind of standards 00:25:35.260 --> 00:25:39.940 are there and what are the space requirement and the population standards which we follow 00:25:39.940 --> 00:25:41.650 to mention all the social facilities. 00:25:41.650 --> 00:25:42.480 So thank you for today.