WEBVTT Kind: captions Language: en 00:00:18.699 --> 00:00:25.119 Hello welcome to the lecture 31 in this lecture we are start a very important part of the 00:00:25.119 --> 00:00:31.380 housing planning which is the planning for the informal housing categories in the last 00:00:31.380 --> 00:00:39.760 lecture we have discussed about the service department and the working persons hostel 00:00:39.760 --> 00:00:44.710 in the last few lectures we covered the formal housing category which can be created in the 00:00:44.710 --> 00:00:47.449 new housing areas beyond the city core. 00:00:47.449 --> 00:00:51.960 And as part of that we discussed cooperative housing we discussed employees housings rental 00:00:51.960 --> 00:00:59.379 housing and as in the last lecture the service apartment and the working persons hostel so 00:00:59.379 --> 00:01:05.460 all this housings categories are formal and formal in the sense that it has some formal 00:01:05.460 --> 00:01:15.140 transaction and which is either registered at the under the state law or it us made on 00:01:15.140 --> 00:01:21.810 the formal land and formal building permissions are take but there are examples are there 00:01:21.810 --> 00:01:29.170 instance where informal housing typologies at there in our cites where we do not find 00:01:29.170 --> 00:01:36.259 that the land in you are and the formal permission for the building are not taken and for those 00:01:36.259 --> 00:01:41.840 reason the informal housing typologies sometimes those are unauthorized sometimes those are 00:01:41.840 --> 00:01:48.090 illegal and sometimes those are effect of sometime some social problem so all these 00:01:48.090 --> 00:01:54.670 kind of housing typology art there in are cities which we call at as informal housing. 00:01:54.670 --> 00:02:01.349 Now we should study informal housing in greater important the simple reason is in our more 00:02:01.349 --> 00:02:10.330 than 30 % on an average of the total population leads in the informal house category so this 00:02:10.330 --> 00:02:16.300 is very important and this housing topology provides the essential service to the city 00:02:16.300 --> 00:02:21.480 the service population like the domestic help like the people how are working at the rickshaw 00:02:21.480 --> 00:02:28.409 puller or e rickshaw or those who are working at the informal shops in these cities those 00:02:28.409 --> 00:02:34.040 are coming from the informal settlements informal housing so we need to study their condition 00:02:34.040 --> 00:02:40.079 there issues problem and how we can strategies to provide better housing to provide a better 00:02:40.079 --> 00:02:41.459 accommodation to this people. 00:02:41.459 --> 00:02:47.780 So due to this important we have to study in a greater details so toady we will cover 00:02:47.780 --> 00:02:53.349 it is various typologies it is veracious dimension of the informality based on the dimension 00:02:53.349 --> 00:02:59.511 how we can differentiate the typology and then how we can have a broad take board strategy 00:02:59.511 --> 00:03:04.750 for each typology and the next lecture we will discuss the specific slum improvement 00:03:04.750 --> 00:03:13.810 programs and models applicable indent situation so now let us see the how what as the basic 00:03:13.810 --> 00:03:17.750 characteristics of the informal housing. 00:03:17.750 --> 00:03:24.969 We told that housing is essentially a creature creation which is done on the over the land 00:03:24.969 --> 00:03:32.099 so informal houses basically developed on encroach land this encroach land can be government 00:03:32.099 --> 00:03:40.079 land it can be some industry land it can be some private land as well but the definitely 00:03:40.079 --> 00:03:45.300 the people who are leaving there those are not enclosed not owned by them it is a encroached 00:03:45.300 --> 00:03:54.049 land in some case even if the owners are the end-users 00:03:54.049 --> 00:04:02.230 have the land ownership but they are not having the legal construction they have the unauthorized 00:04:02.230 --> 00:04:08.489 construction and that also leads to unauthorized or informal housing category as well. 00:04:08.489 --> 00:04:17.330 So informal housing can be illegal land illegal building legal land illegal building and illegal 00:04:17.330 --> 00:04:26.389 land and illegal building or enclose in any companies land or any government land as well 00:04:26.389 --> 00:04:33.170 so these are the basic characteristic of the informal housing the next very important. 00:04:33.170 --> 00:04:39.410 Characteristics are the there are no formal transition with the government authority in 00:04:39.410 --> 00:04:45.260 terms of their property transaction or in terms of their land transaction concern so 00:04:45.260 --> 00:04:57.220 that make it is informality in true sense since this type of development are created 00:04:57.220 --> 00:05:03.660 or emerge as a part of organic development of the people case there one by one as per 00:05:03.660 --> 00:05:09.030 there necessity as migraine mainly and they enthrone on other lands and as a result of 00:05:09.030 --> 00:05:14.160 that slowly because if there unhygienic condition because of their infer socials economic and 00:05:14.160 --> 00:05:16.820 social economic and social cultural condition. 00:05:16.820 --> 00:05:23.230 There is a community which develops over the period of time so unlike the other formal 00:05:23.230 --> 00:05:28.320 housing here we do not find that the community development is a challenge so here the community 00:05:28.320 --> 00:05:37.670 is there for the informal houses the fundamental difference between the informal house and 00:05:37.670 --> 00:05:45.160 the formal house which we identify is the inferior quantity of the basic services basic 00:05:45.160 --> 00:05:50.960 service includes fundamental services like water supply sanitation waste disposal and 00:05:50.960 --> 00:05:53.750 the accessibility where as in the formal. 00:05:53.750 --> 00:05:59.550 We have seen that we provide all this infrastructure as services and develop land before the people 00:05:59.550 --> 00:06:04.690 come but here the people comes before the services are made and before the services 00:06:04.690 --> 00:06:10.560 are given to the particular land because the land is most of the case land is enclose land 00:06:10.560 --> 00:06:17.130 is not own by the people so basic difference between the formal and the informal house 00:06:17.130 --> 00:06:27.010 lacks in the basic services because of the basic degrading of the basic service and the 00:06:27.010 --> 00:06:30.010 informal nature of their land encroachment. 00:06:30.010 --> 00:06:37.630 We find that a very decanted layers of cultural and social level the low literacy review ration 00:06:37.630 --> 00:06:47.260 and all kinds of social and cultural degradation is there as a result we finds that it also 00:06:47.260 --> 00:06:52.580 creates a barrier to improve economically for this kind of people so social cultural 00:06:52.580 --> 00:06:58.310 and economic from all respect the informal housing the people struggle to improve on 00:06:58.310 --> 00:07:04.490 their own life and struggle to get the basic facility and services. 00:07:04.490 --> 00:07:10.180 This another very important part is a livelihood because if you find all the informal houses 00:07:10.180 --> 00:07:17.600 like slums, quarters, legmen tailors this kind of people basically survive on the government 00:07:17.600 --> 00:07:23.580 land survive from the public land or the encroach land and because of that simple reason for 00:07:23.580 --> 00:07:28.220 this is that they are basically encroaching the land. 00:07:28.220 --> 00:07:33.000 Because that particular land could be very near to their job location very near to their 00:07:33.000 --> 00:07:40.030 livelihood location there might be informal worker in some factory in some railway station 00:07:40.030 --> 00:07:46.380 or in some junction so because of their and their job location is such that and job nature 00:07:46.380 --> 00:07:51.740 is such that they have to be there in the early morning and till the late night so that 00:07:51.740 --> 00:07:57.110 is why they need a essentially a very near location from their job location for their 00:07:57.110 --> 00:07:58.110 house. 00:07:58.110 --> 00:08:03.030 As a result they end up in encroaching other land so they cannot commute a long distance 00:08:03.030 --> 00:08:08.300 from the city pheri-pheri so it is essential reason that because of the livelihood and 00:08:08.300 --> 00:08:13.290 the nature of the livelihood which makes that ion them encroaching in the public land. 00:08:13.290 --> 00:08:22.620 Now what are the informal housing typology, that should be discussed before we go to the 00:08:22.620 --> 00:08:27.720 further dimensions of the informality and its dynamics so there are various kinds of 00:08:27.720 --> 00:08:34.649 informal housing typology based on various parameters, the first is the private self-help 00:08:34.649 --> 00:08:41.269 housing which is basically plotted using we have seen tat in the pheri-pheri of the city 00:08:41.269 --> 00:08:47.029 basically in the pheri urban areas the pheri urban areas are the urban areas which is situated 00:08:47.029 --> 00:08:52.910 beyond the city limit and sometimes in-between the rural context. 00:08:52.910 --> 00:08:57.840 So in those pheri urban areas and in the pheri-pheri of the major cities the people even if they 00:08:57.840 --> 00:09:03.830 have the land area or the land ownership they finally sometimes end up in an authorized 00:09:03.830 --> 00:09:08.250 construction they do not bother about the taking permission from the local panjayat 00:09:08.250 --> 00:09:14.940 or local municipality so as a result of that this informality of this private self-help 00:09:14.940 --> 00:09:18.190 housing relates to their informal nature of the construction. 00:09:18.190 --> 00:09:24.810 But most of the cases they have the land ownership they have their own land because of the political 00:09:24.810 --> 00:09:32.470 or the socio economic events like say deficient of the country or the war or the similar kind 00:09:32.470 --> 00:09:38.400 of political events which creates or which makes an event or condition where 1000 of 00:09:38.400 --> 00:09:43.950 people are forced to migrate from one state to another state or one country to another 00:09:43.950 --> 00:09:48.830 country so this becomes a major reason for refusal settlement. 00:09:48.830 --> 00:09:55.990 We have seen that after the independence like in 1948 and after the Bangladesh war in 1971 00:09:55.990 --> 00:10:02.480 lot of refugees they came from the Pakistan and Bangladesh to India in the state of Punjab 00:10:02.480 --> 00:10:08.440 and west Bengal sand those are the refugee settlement in some of the cases refugee settlement 00:10:08.440 --> 00:10:13.380 near the government allotted the land to the refugee settlement but the with the house 00:10:13.380 --> 00:10:17.490 condition are very poor and because of this poor nature off the refugee settlements it 00:10:17.490 --> 00:10:24.330 becomes a very essential subject under the informal category. 00:10:24.330 --> 00:10:31.940 And then you have seen the conventional slum population which is termed as Bustees in some 00:10:31.940 --> 00:10:37.900 cities including Calcutta, chawls in which is a popular name in Mumbai, Jhuggi – Jhopri 00:10:37.900 --> 00:10:44.690 which is a popular local name in the city of Delhi and those are basically classical 00:10:44.690 --> 00:10:52.150 slums which are living there for long time in a large area and those are on the enclosed 00:10:52.150 --> 00:10:57.820 land having the poor condition of the living off in terms of the housing and the basics 00:10:57.820 --> 00:11:04.270 are the stays and Indian formal housing typologies the conventional or the classical slums they 00:11:04.270 --> 00:11:09.950 are the major component within the informal housing typologies like informal private self-help 00:11:09.950 --> 00:11:13.030 browsing refugees settlements and other typologies are there. 00:11:13.030 --> 00:11:22.610 But the classical slums they hold almost more than 50% of the informal housing typologies. 00:11:22.610 --> 00:11:29.220 Then we have seen that in after the industrial develop in our country in variuo9s states 00:11:29.220 --> 00:11:34.880 where the industrial colonies develop like the jute lines along the river oddly in the 00:11:34.880 --> 00:11:39.800 state of west Bengal and similarly as a several industrial where developed and a result of 00:11:39.800 --> 00:11:43.070 the industrial developing but lack of affordable houses. 00:11:43.070 --> 00:11:50.050 The people enclose the public land especially the land along the canals land along the rivers 00:11:50.050 --> 00:11:55.740 or the railway lines and those made the industrial colonies and jute lines those are also part 00:11:55.740 --> 00:11:58.280 of informal housing. 00:11:58.280 --> 00:12:06.480 This squatter settlements other than the industrial development this squatter settlements are 00:12:06.480 --> 00:12:14.830 those settlements which are visible along the native arts like the railways lines or 00:12:14.830 --> 00:12:19.070 the canals or the rivers or along the similar kind of network. 00:12:19.070 --> 00:12:25.170 Like even highway road we can see the this squatter settlements this settlements are 00:12:25.170 --> 00:12:30.420 basically temporary in nature they come for some time squad there stay there for some 00:12:30.420 --> 00:12:35.610 time and may be after sometime they go to some other edge some other area so the basic 00:12:35.610 --> 00:12:40.560 difference between the this squatter settlement and the classical slum is that both are enclosed 00:12:40.560 --> 00:12:45.710 around enclose land but the classical slums they are staying there for long time. 00:12:45.710 --> 00:12:50.350 Whereas squatter settlements are there for short duration of the time. 00:12:50.350 --> 00:12:58.080 Then we have pavement s Taylor, pavement dwellers has been basically individual person or the 00:12:58.080 --> 00:13:04.890 fragmented family who are who have nowhere to go and who are mobile in the city who are 00:13:04.890 --> 00:13:10.730 not static their job location is basically begging or may be informal shops informal 00:13:10.730 --> 00:13:18.260 hocking is one more option the Babine Taylor said and they basically survive on the public 00:13:18.260 --> 00:13:20.620 land like the railway terminals. 00:13:20.620 --> 00:13:27.190 Bus terminals or the major public areas like below the fly over or similar structure so 00:13:27.190 --> 00:13:32.310 pavement dwellers is very important like there the poorest of the poor they do not have the 00:13:32.310 --> 00:13:39.170 minimum financial strength even to make a minimum housing whereas we have seen in the 00:13:39.170 --> 00:13:43.490 slums and the Jhuggi – Jhopri and the all the other kinds of settlement atleast people 00:13:43.490 --> 00:13:46.700 have something to make a temporary structure. 00:13:46.700 --> 00:13:52.320 But in the fragment dealers they do not have anything except just to take the public land 00:13:52.320 --> 00:13:56.610 and sleep for the night. 00:13:56.610 --> 00:14:02.440 Other than that we have seen that in city within the city areas when the city grows 00:14:02.440 --> 00:14:07.480 within the city we have found that various settlements are there where maybe the owners 00:14:07.480 --> 00:14:13.940 they own the land but the buildings are unauthorized maybe the FIR or FSI permitted in that area 00:14:13.940 --> 00:14:21.560 is 1 or 1.5 but because of her land value and her revenue generation possibility through 00:14:21.560 --> 00:14:28.250 the rental or the sale of the housing units they have gone up to 2 or 2.5 or 3 FIR so 00:14:28.250 --> 00:14:33.322 because of that those colonies these are basically unauthorized colonies is this unauthorized 00:14:33.322 --> 00:14:39.310 colonies is are different than the other informal settlements in the other informal settlements 00:14:39.310 --> 00:14:43.900 people are enlarge engorging in the other lands. 00:14:43.900 --> 00:14:48.750 But unauthorized colonies is can be in the own land but the constructions are basically 00:14:48.750 --> 00:14:49.870 unauthorized. 00:14:49.870 --> 00:14:57.260 And often it is I mean it is a basically paka structured more than two or three or four 00:14:57.260 --> 00:15:00.570 floors also can be seen in the bigger cities. 00:15:00.570 --> 00:15:06.149 And then find urban villages, urban villages we mention in the initial lectures the urban 00:15:06.149 --> 00:15:13.160 villages are nothing it is the transformation or transformed form of a village when a village 00:15:13.160 --> 00:15:19.940 is surrounded by the city growth a city grows over the period of time and during the growth 00:15:19.940 --> 00:15:26.290 of a city when a city surrounds a village and the characteristics of the village in 00:15:26.290 --> 00:15:31.360 terms of livelihood from the primary sector to the secondary and tertiary sector. 00:15:31.360 --> 00:15:37.310 It transforms to the secondary and tertiary sector it gets a kind of a peculiar section 00:15:37.310 --> 00:15:46.600 within the surrounding urban setting so transforming from the village to the urban areas it lacks 00:15:46.600 --> 00:15:51.600 you basically services and it is transforming to the different kind of livelihood options. 00:15:51.600 --> 00:15:57.840 So those kind of urban villages are there in urban villages basically your land is own 00:15:57.840 --> 00:16:02.940 by the people but there is no development control or very lack of development control 00:16:02.940 --> 00:16:09.290 enforcement and because of the lack of enforcement people often end up in making unauthorized 00:16:09.290 --> 00:16:12.270 colonies. 00:16:12.270 --> 00:16:20.720 Then it is also important to see the dimensions of the informality that what are the fundamental 00:16:20.720 --> 00:16:27.839 dimensions by which we can segregate or we can classify the different kind of informal 00:16:27.839 --> 00:16:28.839 settlements. 00:16:28.839 --> 00:16:34.380 So first thing what we discussed is the ownership of land or the tenure basically the land ownership 00:16:34.380 --> 00:16:41.010 it can be three types either it can fully owned, that is the free hold it can be lease 00:16:41.010 --> 00:16:47.420 hold or it cannot be, may not be own so or that means the encourage land. 00:16:47.420 --> 00:16:51.471 The Leger ownership of the building if any the land is owned by the people or the end 00:16:51.471 --> 00:16:56.330 user they may not have the leger ownership of the building because they might have taken 00:16:56.330 --> 00:17:03.510 a rent in a unauthorized construction or unauthorized building so that is the second dimension, 00:17:03.510 --> 00:17:08.459 duration of encroachment the encroachment which is for longer duration and a settlement 00:17:08.459 --> 00:17:14.380 is a permanent settlement those are called as a slum population but we find that there 00:17:14.380 --> 00:17:20.689 are squatter settlements where people encroach the public land for small period of time. 00:17:20.689 --> 00:17:25.579 For example, you might have seen the encroachment in the river banks in the river banks the 00:17:25.579 --> 00:17:30.989 people can stay there throughout the year expect the rainy season when there would be 00:17:30.989 --> 00:17:35.789 a floods situation so expect those period of time they can stay there and they encroach 00:17:35.789 --> 00:17:40.929 on their land they develop their vegetables and because of their agricultural activity 00:17:40.929 --> 00:17:46.450 they earn they livelihood and similarly in the similar I mean squatter settlements are 00:17:46.450 --> 00:17:49.220 there in the native of clients. 00:17:49.220 --> 00:17:58.029 So those kind of encroachment are not for the longer duration mainly during the some 00:17:58.029 --> 00:18:03.730 period of months over in a particular year. 00:18:03.730 --> 00:18:09.220 The level of services and infrastructure most of the informal settlements lacks basic services 00:18:09.220 --> 00:18:14.700 and infrastructure expect few where you will find that the quality of the service and quality 00:18:14.700 --> 00:18:19.929 of the infrastructure maybe good because of their high paying capacity, but the overall 00:18:19.929 --> 00:18:21.110 structure and the development. 00:18:21.110 --> 00:18:25.070 It illegal that is also possible in bigger cities. 00:18:25.070 --> 00:18:31.100 Livelihood most of the cases the livelihoods are secondary and tertiary but in some cases 00:18:31.100 --> 00:18:36.760 like the cases of urban village the livelihood could be primary also but the primary sector 00:18:36.760 --> 00:18:41.840 of the activities like agriculture and fishery are in the position of transformation they 00:18:41.840 --> 00:18:47.669 are transforming towards the secondary and tertiary sector static your mobile expect 00:18:47.669 --> 00:18:52.679 the payment dealers and these squatter settlements most of the people in the informal sector 00:18:52.679 --> 00:18:59.960 or the informal settlement they make their encroached houses as a static unit. 00:18:59.960 --> 00:19:06.570 But for the payment dealers and for the squatter settlements they often move to some other 00:19:06.570 --> 00:19:10.679 places for their survival. 00:19:10.679 --> 00:19:16.630 It can be family the informal housings could be accommodating family or maybe single most 00:19:16.630 --> 00:19:22.700 of the cases in the cases like payment dealers and squatter we find that if the single person 00:19:22.700 --> 00:19:29.100 then there whether it is a formalized as per law or not that is another very important 00:19:29.100 --> 00:19:33.409 dimensions of the informality then quality of structure in the most of the cases the 00:19:33.409 --> 00:19:38.489 quality of structures are very poor and it is termed as cache structure cache structure 00:19:38.489 --> 00:19:43.279 is nothing but the temporary structure which is unable to provide the complete protection 00:19:43.279 --> 00:19:46.739 against the weather effect and whether the natural hazards. 00:19:46.739 --> 00:19:53.070 So those kind of structure including the cache structure in the worlds cache structure in 00:19:53.070 --> 00:19:58.369 the roof those kind of structures are there, but except few cases like sat unauthorized 00:19:58.369 --> 00:20:04.570 colonies where the land is owned by the people but the building are done in unauthorized 00:20:04.570 --> 00:20:10.039 manner where you will find that the structures could be in good quality also but they lack 00:20:10.039 --> 00:20:14.440 the legal the formal transaction as per the law. 00:20:14.440 --> 00:20:22.440 Now based on this discussion let us see that how the dimensions vary as per the categories. 00:20:22.440 --> 00:20:39.200 Sow so let us write the dimensions one is land ownership 00:20:39.200 --> 00:21:11.720 then building or construction then we have duration 00:21:11.720 --> 00:21:32.679 then we have lively hood 00:21:32.679 --> 00:22:01.480 then we have discuss this also family or singe then structure 00:22:01.480 --> 00:22:14.239 so these are the dimensions of the informality 00:22:14.239 --> 00:22:19.899 now we can see that what are the typologies we have to analyze the dimensions the first 00:22:19.899 --> 00:22:35.080 typology we discussed is the basically let us start with this slums classical slums then 00:22:35.080 --> 00:23:13.210 squatters then we can write industrial colonist or jut line then we can write payment willets 00:23:13.210 --> 00:23:33.909 we can have the typologies like urban villages then we have other than urban 00:23:33.909 --> 00:23:50.869 village other an authorized colonies and also we have 00:23:50.869 --> 00:23:54.970 few more typologies let us see if we have mist in typology or not. 00:23:54.970 --> 00:24:29.479 So basically so self help flouted housing and refugee settlements these are the broad 00:24:29.479 --> 00:24:39.789 typologies we discussed, now let us see how the dimensions of the informality 00:24:39.789 --> 00:24:45.869 vary as per the different typology now you can see that land ownership for the slums 00:24:45.869 --> 00:24:51.029 usually they do not have the land ownership even for this squatters they do not have so 00:24:51.029 --> 00:25:04.919 all the categories except this could both they could have the land owner ship the urban 00:25:04.919 --> 00:25:09.679 villages basically they have the land ownership the unauthorized colonies most of the cases 00:25:09.679 --> 00:25:14.539 they have in self help housing they have the land ownership. 00:25:14.539 --> 00:25:21.139 In some cases the unauthorized colonies could have or they may not have the owner ship, 00:25:21.139 --> 00:25:28.039 now let us see the building contraction yes the building if the land is not own by the 00:25:28.039 --> 00:25:36.269 people there is no point of the formal permission and formal transaction for the building contraction 00:25:36.269 --> 00:25:52.809 so all these are informal in nature this can be both 00:25:52.809 --> 00:26:06.379 right if we consider duration like duration we are dividing the duration as a permanent 00:26:06.379 --> 00:26:21.139 or temporary this slums are buy and large they are permanent duelers they are the permanent 00:26:21.139 --> 00:26:30.559 we are writing p for the permanent so squatters they are basically temporary and for industrial 00:26:30.559 --> 00:26:35.570 coronus yes they are permanent settlement pigment dueler they are temporary they are 00:26:35.570 --> 00:26:48.899 basically moved they move for one place to another place urban village is they are permanent 00:26:48.899 --> 00:26:53.059 settlement. 00:26:53.059 --> 00:26:58.539 for this service and info structure for ever for all the typologies the quality is very 00:26:58.539 --> 00:27:21.249 bad so vey poor condition 00:27:21.249 --> 00:27:25.770 except the unauthorized colonies and self help housing most of that typology they have 00:27:25.770 --> 00:27:31.609 the very poor condition then lively hood if lively hood for the slums and squatter those 00:27:31.609 --> 00:27:40.349 are except the pigment wilier so which is basically mover in nature and the squatter 00:27:40.349 --> 00:27:57.679 settlement mover in nature and for urban village where they have the mix of primary plus secondary 00:27:57.679 --> 00:28:05.249 and plus tertiary so if all can be possible for the urban village whereas for all typology 00:28:05.249 --> 00:28:33.779 is the predominant lively hood is non agricultural. 00:28:33.779 --> 00:28:37.599 Right so you can understand how they differ in the livelihood. 00:28:37.599 --> 00:28:44.139 Now in the static and mobile already mentioned that except these quarters and the and the 00:28:44.139 --> 00:28:48.229 permanent dealers all are basically static. 00:28:48.229 --> 00:28:55.100 They are static in nature unless until there is a heavy efficiency right they do not move 00:28:55.100 --> 00:28:57.200 from one place to another place. 00:28:57.200 --> 00:29:08.120 And similarly except the, the permanent way dealers and s quarters most of the people 00:29:08.120 --> 00:29:10.570 they have the family. 00:29:10.570 --> 00:29:20.450 From this structure the permanent dealers have this mostly they are single person and 00:29:20.450 --> 00:29:27.159 for the s quarter they may have family, and single person both can be possible. 00:29:27.159 --> 00:29:32.940 Then the formalization as per the law this ones are there are mixes. 00:29:32.940 --> 00:29:39.539 Some of the formulas are formulized as per law, so it is possible that there are mix 00:29:39.539 --> 00:29:45.860 quantity of this slums quarters are never formalized, because most of the cases s quarters 00:29:45.860 --> 00:29:49.730 are developed on the unattainable or the adjustable land. 00:29:49.730 --> 00:29:56.499 Industries colonies there are mixed examples of then formalization, permanent dealers varies. 00:29:56.499 --> 00:30:01.739 No question arises for the formalization. 00:30:01.739 --> 00:30:05.980 Some of your urban villages are basically protected by the development controller regulations 00:30:05.980 --> 00:30:15.539 and some of them are given the legal status as well in some of example in the Delhi and 00:30:15.539 --> 00:30:21.750 other cities the government has regularizes some of the unauthorized colonies on permanent 00:30:21.750 --> 00:30:22.750 bases. 00:30:22.750 --> 00:30:33.249 So by a large it is not regularized, similarly for the settlement and self help it is the 00:30:33.249 --> 00:30:36.879 mix kind of situation. 00:30:36.879 --> 00:31:08.669 Then the quality of structure is very poor for all the condition. 00:31:08.669 --> 00:31:14.700 So if you find the structural condition or the building the self help housing, the unauthorized 00:31:14.700 --> 00:31:16.820 colonies and urban villages. 00:31:16.820 --> 00:31:23.759 They are having mixed kind of a building structure other than that most of the informal housing 00:31:23.759 --> 00:31:26.259 they have the poor very poor quality. 00:31:26.259 --> 00:31:32.149 So this is the so in this matrix we can understand the various typologies of the informal housing, 00:31:32.149 --> 00:31:38.139 and how the value vary with different kind of dimensions of the informality. 00:31:38.139 --> 00:31:45.330 So based on that now let us see very quickly how this what we can do what kind of interventions 00:31:45.330 --> 00:31:52.109 we can take to, to address these kinds of informality in your cities. 00:31:52.109 --> 00:31:56.840 The first stage which we need to do is the essentially we have to make a comprehensive 00:31:56.840 --> 00:31:59.509 situation assessment and see. 00:31:59.509 --> 00:32:05.960 When we talked about the situation assessment it should include the physical social and 00:32:05.960 --> 00:32:07.149 economical. 00:32:07.149 --> 00:32:15.129 Till we did not have any approach in comprehensive situation assessment what we did is that we 00:32:15.129 --> 00:32:17.940 just studied the slums case. 00:32:17.940 --> 00:32:23.200 But now what we do we make a comprehensive assessment in terms of the whole city. 00:32:23.200 --> 00:32:28.769 So within a city we have to study the all slums whole slums and all the city the whole 00:32:28.769 --> 00:32:35.229 city approach we can , we can make the assessment of the physical element like structures infrastructure 00:32:35.229 --> 00:32:41.729 the social elements the social elements like the literacy rate like there sex ratio their 00:32:41.729 --> 00:32:43.239 dependence ratio. 00:32:43.239 --> 00:32:49.100 And also economic parameters like livelihood, occupation structure everything as a city 00:32:49.100 --> 00:32:50.909 level. 00:32:50.909 --> 00:32:58.159 Then we can make some preventive and curative strategies which we have understood this matrix 00:32:58.159 --> 00:33:02.779 we can take appropriate curative strategies based on various approaches and model. 00:33:02.779 --> 00:33:07.220 This model and, and approaches we will discuss in next day and also we can take some preventive 00:33:07.220 --> 00:33:12.700 strategies or interventions which will prevent future permission of slums these part we discussed 00:33:12.700 --> 00:33:13.700 in last lecture. 00:33:13.700 --> 00:33:19.070 In the rental and the rental housing and the creation of from the hostels, the objective 00:33:19.070 --> 00:33:25.330 of all those kind of rental housing is to prevent the future informal housing. 00:33:25.330 --> 00:33:31.450 Then we have to explore the land availability in a city making the land available is the 00:33:31.450 --> 00:33:38.330 most challenging job task of a housing planner so as we discussed in the housing strategy 00:33:38.330 --> 00:33:47.349 a discussion the house the land the land demarcation in this city level need to be done. and based 00:33:47.349 --> 00:33:54.219 on the forces like private or public it need to be clearly indicated that how the land 00:33:54.219 --> 00:33:59.770 to be assembled art the city level and hoe it can be allocated as per their requirement. 00:33:59.770 --> 00:34:05.609 And even in the existing city of the core city of where we need to redevelop the housing 00:34:05.609 --> 00:34:09.720 this slum population or the s quarters for there resettlement. 00:34:09.720 --> 00:34:16.560 We have to define even the smaller land pocket which is available at the city core by the 00:34:16.560 --> 00:34:19.760 government that is also important. 00:34:19.760 --> 00:34:25.760 Then we have to make an participated approach which why because unlike the new housing development 00:34:25.760 --> 00:34:32.280 here we have the community ready who are staying there for long time so we have to take them 00:34:32.280 --> 00:34:37.359 in our decision making process until u8nless we take them in our decision making process 00:34:37.359 --> 00:34:42.010 no intervention will be applicable and will be successful and we have seen thousands of 00:34:42.010 --> 00:34:47.760 examples where we have rehabilitated the resettled the slum and the informal housing. 00:34:47.760 --> 00:34:53.450 Of people but they have not taken they have abundant those project so because of there 00:34:53.450 --> 00:35:00.910 no participatory in nature of the decision making and because of the, of the nature of 00:35:00.910 --> 00:35:06.440 the decision making we have not considered livelihood and other dimensions because of 00:35:06.440 --> 00:35:11.240 all those reason the project were filled, so that if so it is important to take their 00:35:11.240 --> 00:35:17.380 participation in your planning stage also. 00:35:17.380 --> 00:35:22.650 So live hood I told that we have to concentrate livehood from the starting to the end if you 00:35:22.650 --> 00:35:29.410 want to make a successful planning strategy for the informal housing and the concept of 00:35:29.410 --> 00:35:34.000 terrible and non terrible and the most the cases in this example, what we have discussed 00:35:34.000 --> 00:35:37.980 like this squatter the industrial colonies. 00:35:37.980 --> 00:35:45.420 Then you will find some urban villages and some between the settlements those have lying 00:35:45.420 --> 00:35:47.859 on some of the areas. 00:35:47.859 --> 00:35:56.180 Which are basically hardest areas like say below the high tensional line in the platform 00:35:56.180 --> 00:36:01.630 land or in the along the railway lines along the cannels, which is very much risk froze 00:36:01.630 --> 00:36:08.270 and major froze so if you want to take a policy to rehabilited or development that access 00:36:08.270 --> 00:36:13.230 various that means in that same place it is not possible for those kind of settlements. 00:36:13.230 --> 00:36:18.170 So those kinds of settlements which are basically living in a agues land. 00:36:18.170 --> 00:36:23.270 Which were non-tenable for the development for this settlement we have to locate in some 00:36:23.270 --> 00:36:30.589 other feasible technical and environmentally wearable and tenable land, so the determination 00:36:30.589 --> 00:36:37.660 of the lands of these slam land and the future land as a tenable and non-tenable that as 00:36:37.660 --> 00:36:50.029 to done at the planning level, before we assign slam and squatters for their particular interventions. 00:36:50.029 --> 00:36:55.130 Then we can relocate the non-tenable lands like those who are staying in the non-tenable 00:36:55.130 --> 00:36:56.130 lands. 00:36:56.130 --> 00:37:02.410 For them we can relocate them to some new slums or some nearby slums and those who are 00:37:02.410 --> 00:37:08.630 staying in an enable slums we can redial or we can house in the same sight by rebuilding 00:37:08.630 --> 00:37:15.730 the hole project or some upgrading, upgrading on improving some structure and infrastructure 00:37:15.730 --> 00:37:24.069 both, that is possible so those kind of approaches need to be taken based on the slum typologies 00:37:24.069 --> 00:37:28.220 .So these part will discussed in a greater in next lecture. 00:37:28.220 --> 00:37:34.720 So this kind of interventions and the actions could be taken broadly at the planning level 00:37:34.720 --> 00:37:40.250 so once we make the housing strategy and allocated the land for formal core city and informal 00:37:40.250 --> 00:37:46.839 houses so for the informal housing we have to keep the land in the preferri as well and 00:37:46.839 --> 00:37:52.690 also in the core city based on the availability and apart from the land we have to take so 00:37:52.690 --> 00:37:56.589 many other interventions to make the project successful. 00:37:56.589 --> 00:38:03.190 So based on that lets us see some of the examples just to take the glades this is the picture 00:38:03.190 --> 00:38:05.200 of the largest slums in India. 00:38:05.200 --> 00:38:12.170 There are the is the green authorized colonies you can see that how the authorized colonies 00:38:12.170 --> 00:38:15.230 have developed what the period of the time. 00:38:15.230 --> 00:38:21.250 It is not essential that every house condition is bad but the house those are unauthorized 00:38:21.250 --> 00:38:26.319 because I could have those are developed on the coastal land or they are construct without 00:38:26.319 --> 00:38:31.640 any legal permission these are typical examples, of the quarter settlement you can see that 00:38:31.640 --> 00:38:36.599 quarter settlement have developed along the railway lines. 00:38:36.599 --> 00:38:42.510 You can see the poor condition of the infrastructure and how risky and higher poor is the is the 00:38:42.510 --> 00:38:48.630 lively, living and their quality of life so this kind of settlements are termed as non-tenable 00:38:48.630 --> 00:38:54.990 slums and non-tenable quarter settlements this cannot be encouraged on the same side 00:38:54.990 --> 00:39:00.599 it has to be relocated and resettled so with this pictures we have just shown you some 00:39:00.599 --> 00:39:01.599 examples. 00:39:01.599 --> 00:39:06.680 Remaining example if you can see from your from various data bases reports and the website 00:39:06.680 --> 00:39:12.660 as well so next lecture we will discussed basically approaches in the improving of slums 00:39:12.660 --> 00:39:17.779 and squatters we will dale upon the first two or three typologies and we will see the 00:39:17.779 --> 00:39:24.410 what are the planning approaches we can take for the development so let us summarize today 00:39:24.410 --> 00:39:30.790 we have discussed the various typologies of the informal settlements that dimensions we 00:39:30.790 --> 00:39:36.079 have talked about the dimension like land ownership building construction duration. 00:39:36.079 --> 00:39:43.299 That is the nature of the settlement permanent temporary quality of the service basic services 00:39:43.299 --> 00:39:49.260 livelihood whether it is a agriculture or non agriculture kind of that ,their life style 00:39:49.260 --> 00:39:58.099 whether they static or mobile they are living in the family or single whether their status 00:39:58.099 --> 00:40:06.039 the land or the building status are formalized as per claw or not and the quality of structure 00:40:06.039 --> 00:40:12.290 which maybe cache a paka or semi paka or poor or based on this dimensions we have mapped 00:40:12.290 --> 00:40:17.040 out the condition of the various typologies so based on the comparative matrix of the 00:40:17.040 --> 00:40:24.660 various typologies next class we will discuss on the approaches and the models in improving 00:40:24.660 --> 00:40:26.991 slums and squatter so thank you for today lecture.