WEBVTT Kind: captions Language: en 00:00:18.960 --> 00:00:26.650 Hello last day we discussed the strategies required for the unauthorized clones and urban 00:00:26.650 --> 00:00:34.700 villages we saw that the authorized villages and authorized clones and urban villages need 00:00:34.700 --> 00:00:44.590 a separate approach and a initiative strategies to address those issues today we will discuss 00:00:44.590 --> 00:00:51.540 the very important problem of the informal housing category that is the and the night 00:00:51.540 --> 00:00:58.309 settlers you know in our cities mostly in the major cities lot of people are there who 00:00:58.309 --> 00:01:03.770 lies on the pigments open to sky areas. 00:01:03.770 --> 00:01:09.280 Because they do not have any house and also they cannot afford even a minimum house so 00:01:09.280 --> 00:01:16.760 for that reason they are times forced to stay or leaves as a pigments to so today we will 00:01:16.760 --> 00:01:22.800 discuss how what is the overall picture overall scenario and what are the planning option 00:01:22.800 --> 00:01:32.190 what we can interventions what type of interventions we can take for the permanent delivers so 00:01:32.190 --> 00:01:39.250 lets us see some background briefly that 1.94 million homeless people in Indian. 00:01:39.250 --> 00:01:46.420 We have and specially 0.77 million is urban area this problem is generic and incremental 00:01:46.420 --> 00:01:52.920 we discussed that within the informal housing the people coming from the rural areas and 00:01:52.920 --> 00:01:58.549 the small cities to the bigger cities when they do not find any affordable housing they 00:01:58.549 --> 00:02:05.250 are forced to leave in the public land so this a generic problem of the nature of the 00:02:05.250 --> 00:02:12.280 rural urban migration rural urban disparity all those issues which are existing at a micro 00:02:12.280 --> 00:02:18.200 skill but at the city level at the micro skill we find that this a conic issues and the number 00:02:18.200 --> 00:02:23.120 is not decrying it is increasing divided. 00:02:23.120 --> 00:02:28.610 So basically the pavement dealers they depend upon the public services and infrastructure 00:02:28.610 --> 00:02:36.550 on payment it is very surprising to know that the other economic group like middle income 00:02:36.550 --> 00:02:42.200 group or higher income group and even lower income group when they are give in the opportunity 00:02:42.200 --> 00:02:47.030 to take the public services like water supply or any other services and payment bases the 00:02:47.030 --> 00:02:52.260 make fattest but the permanent dealers when they take any public service like sanitation 00:02:52.260 --> 00:02:57.480 ort sometimes water also they had to they have to pay otherwise. 00:02:57.480 --> 00:03:06.070 So because they basically survive on the public service and public amenities by enlarge so 00:03:06.070 --> 00:03:12.510 that is I the think so they have to pay each and every stages of their life not only that 00:03:12.510 --> 00:03:17.730 their livelihood is based on to negotiate and compromise. 00:03:17.730 --> 00:03:24.640 Between various life satiations like you can say license large set physical and mental 00:03:24.640 --> 00:03:32.180 abuses eviction arrest by the police and social sigma so life events are largely center around 00:03:32.180 --> 00:03:37.990 lack of center because they do not have the shelter they phase all these humiliation all 00:03:37.990 --> 00:03:47.050 this kind of problems in their living space so as a result they have they do not have 00:03:47.050 --> 00:03:56.590 the required confidence to earn more money to get there own house and get their own livelihood 00:03:56.590 --> 00:04:04.051 so they just life on the manual whatever they get in minimum resource is possible for the 00:04:04.051 --> 00:04:09.860 life because they are humiliated because of so many social economic and administrative 00:04:09.860 --> 00:04:21.810 problem like ejections and arrest by police all this elements let us now see that how 00:04:21.810 --> 00:04:26.230 where this type of people stay. 00:04:26.230 --> 00:04:33.320 You can see that most the predominate portion of thus pavement dealers they stay in a pavement 00:04:33.320 --> 00:04:40.949 like the open streets and the street areas and the terminals area like bus terminals 00:04:40.949 --> 00:04:52.229 or any open transport related areas and other than that 14% stay at the shops and homes 00:04:52.229 --> 00:04:59.360 might have see that just in front of the shops and home there could be a small area or there 00:04:59.360 --> 00:05:07.520 could be shapes or kind of a legist so below that particular shed they can stay you can 00:05:07.520 --> 00:05:13.409 see the pictures like that and also they stay in the railway platform eleven person and 00:05:13.409 --> 00:05:19.759 blesses a worship like temple, mosque and similar establishment and apart from that 00:05:19.759 --> 00:05:26.470 there are few more typologies we which are staying like different kind of various like 00:05:26.470 --> 00:05:35.770 other than road in open space or any canal bank area river front area as a fib medulla. 00:05:35.770 --> 00:05:40.409 So basically their place of life is primarily driven by the livelihood locations which are 00:05:40.409 --> 00:05:46.039 sometimes mobile because this we discussed in the previous few lectures also because 00:05:46.039 --> 00:05:54.199 there library location is not static their job generation or job location is not dependent 00:05:54.199 --> 00:05:59.780 on any shop or any private or any establishment which is static so they just roam around the 00:05:59.780 --> 00:06:02.280 city around the major commercial places. 00:06:02.280 --> 00:06:09.430 Wherever they find some opportunity to run money and they depend on their most of them 00:06:09.430 --> 00:06:17.849 depend on the street vending and similar kind of livelihood generation and also they live 00:06:17.849 --> 00:06:25.639 their survey sometimes on the begging, so now let us see the major causes of homelessness 00:06:25.639 --> 00:06:28.710 you can see the major causes of homelessness are extreme property. 00:06:28.710 --> 00:06:34.969 Which is for the extreme property which is 46% followed by the absence of family because 00:06:34.969 --> 00:06:40.419 they do not have the family back up and family support sometimes they become individual and 00:06:40.419 --> 00:06:47.590 they become without shelter few of them like 10% they are abundant by the family may be 00:06:47.590 --> 00:06:52.039 in the rural area or in this small town or area and because of their abundant by the 00:06:52.039 --> 00:06:55.050 family because of many reason may be disease may be any reason. 00:06:55.050 --> 00:07:01.180 They come to the city and stay like this and also family abuse because of the family and 00:07:01.180 --> 00:07:07.319 problem and family conflicts sometime they come out form the family and stay in a inferior 00:07:07.319 --> 00:07:12.620 situations like that so that means the absence of the social identity is the key words they 00:07:12.620 --> 00:07:19.580 do not have any social identity not a family not a any kind of social belonging thus they 00:07:19.580 --> 00:07:27.729 have but they act they leave here as an individual or as a mobile person. 00:07:27.729 --> 00:07:37.069 Now let us see what are the situation in present context now we have now we can what kind of 00:07:37.069 --> 00:07:42.360 solution or intervention we can provide now one solution is the shelter base right we 00:07:42.360 --> 00:07:47.779 can provide shelter like night shelter so the night shelter and it is a viable or it 00:07:47.779 --> 00:07:56.379 is accepted solution what we have been trying for last few decades so that is one option 00:07:56.379 --> 00:08:01.949 but night shelter has few limitations and challenges that will come little later on 00:08:01.949 --> 00:08:06.949 let us see the other options which we can do another option is the infrastructure base 00:08:06.949 --> 00:08:13.749 we can provide the infrastructure and basics always to this people so that in some of the 00:08:13.749 --> 00:08:19.249 location including the night shelter location so commodity toilet we can give other than 00:08:19.249 --> 00:08:26.300 commodity toilet we can go for a drinking water facility so that around their places 00:08:26.300 --> 00:08:27.339 of livelihood. 00:08:27.339 --> 00:08:35.969 They can have their basic services fulfill and so that they do not come to the city areas 00:08:35.969 --> 00:08:41.380 and end up in the open defecation, so those type of interventions are basically service 00:08:41.380 --> 00:08:52.630 and infrastructure base and another option could be the livelihood base because the basic 00:08:52.630 --> 00:08:59.640 reason where they have mobile is the livelihood base because of the extreme poverty they are 00:08:59.640 --> 00:09:01.980 compromising with the live situations like that. 00:09:01.980 --> 00:09:11.370 So therefore if we and can provide a kind of mobile vending kind of facility of mobile 00:09:11.370 --> 00:09:16.820 shops they can have their livelihood through that mobile shops, in our Indian city we have 00:09:16.820 --> 00:09:25.410 seen that at the mobile shops or the movable shops on the manually driven cards is visible 00:09:25.410 --> 00:09:30.310 so those kind of cards can be given to this people so that they can have their livelihood 00:09:30.310 --> 00:09:36.280 yes it is important to know that this people even do not have the capacity to purchase 00:09:36.280 --> 00:09:42.430 those nominal cards and nominal street vendors facilities. 00:09:42.430 --> 00:09:47.290 So that is one thing that we can consider in this point we can consider another very 00:09:47.290 --> 00:09:54.010 important develop in which has come up in recent times that is the recently we have 00:09:54.010 --> 00:10:03.370 in government of India they have came out with the street vendors act 2013 so under 00:10:03.370 --> 00:10:10.160 this street vendors act every street vendors who are vending on the streets area it is 00:10:10.160 --> 00:10:16.600 told that they can have the street vending on the street but in demarcated zone definitely 00:10:16.600 --> 00:10:22.660 there will not be any permanent establishment or permanent shops but they can have their 00:10:22.660 --> 00:10:28.950 livelihood through a movable or kayos type of establishment and those zoning micro zoning 00:10:28.950 --> 00:10:33.030 could be done by the city authorities like the urban local bodies. 00:10:33.030 --> 00:10:40.610 So through this act the street vending now become a kind of a right to peruse their livelihood 00:10:40.610 --> 00:10:46.760 even on the streets but here is definitely it will not be a kind of permanent establishment 00:10:46.760 --> 00:10:53.100 or permanent structure in the streets or the open areas but they can have the movable kind 00:10:53.100 --> 00:10:57.950 of cars and movable kinds of shops so that they can have the livelihood so that particular 00:10:57.950 --> 00:11:03.080 approach but particular intention can be linked with the pavement dwellers and pavement dwellers 00:11:03.080 --> 00:11:07.280 can get the benefit out of the street vending act as well. 00:11:07.280 --> 00:11:14.870 Now there are lot of initiatives we have seen like one national flagship program was proposed 00:11:14.870 --> 00:11:21.530 few year before it was proposed to have a flagship program for the street vendors right 00:11:21.530 --> 00:11:30.280 now under the natural housing and urban habitat policy and policy we are taking adequate attention 00:11:30.280 --> 00:11:35.140 as a separate kind of a approach paper or separate intervention that government of India 00:11:35.140 --> 00:11:39.060 is right now working out in Rajiv Awas Yojana. 00:11:39.060 --> 00:11:47.850 And also in national urban livelihood mission all their livelihoods and other requirements 00:11:47.850 --> 00:11:56.950 are linked with the programs like the shelter program but as of now they are need to be 00:11:56.950 --> 00:12:02.870 lot of integration between the all components of their planning like say shelter livelihood 00:12:02.870 --> 00:12:08.950 infrastructure and other amenities, so therefore it needs we have to work for few more times 00:12:08.950 --> 00:12:17.320 so that to see that the really we will come to in planning intervention for giving integrated 00:12:17.320 --> 00:12:20.170 and a comprehensive solution for the night shelter. 00:12:20.170 --> 00:12:25.170 As of now we are what we are doing at the various cities that we are making shelters 00:12:25.170 --> 00:12:33.490 which we got called as a night shelter the night shelters are basically few accommodation 00:12:33.490 --> 00:12:38.570 for the sleeping purpose which is given for the poor people and the objective is that 00:12:38.570 --> 00:12:43.850 during the day period they can have their livelihood they can peruse their livelihood 00:12:43.850 --> 00:12:49.220 in the city areas as a movable or mobile person or through the street bending and in the evening 00:12:49.220 --> 00:12:53.820 they can come back and they can stay there for their sleeping purpose. 00:12:53.820 --> 00:12:59.100 So the objective of the night shelter that those who cannot even think of any category 00:12:59.100 --> 00:13:04.880 of the formal housing and night shelters are the temporary shelter arrangement for the 00:13:04.880 --> 00:13:10.400 urban poor street dwellers available after evening water supply, sanitation facility 00:13:10.400 --> 00:13:15.340 is provided at the night shelter some NGOs are given responsibilities for operation. 00:13:15.340 --> 00:13:22.230 Now operating night shelter is a very important task because registering the people of the 00:13:22.230 --> 00:13:27.290 pavement dweller who are going to stay there that is the first job then the providing the 00:13:27.290 --> 00:13:33.100 facility in a systematic manner maintaining it and time to time giving the basic amenities 00:13:33.100 --> 00:13:34.520 and facilities is important. 00:13:34.520 --> 00:13:41.740 For example, detect the extreme whether season like extreme cold or extreme hot season it 00:13:41.740 --> 00:13:49.340 becomes crucial to provide them the adequate facility, so we need various NGOs and similar 00:13:49.340 --> 00:13:57.280 organizations who can run because right now for example in Delhi we have meaning like 00:13:57.280 --> 00:14:03.260 around 500 night shelters but it is not may not be possible for the city authorities to 00:14:03.260 --> 00:14:04.890 run all the night shelter. 00:14:04.890 --> 00:14:12.240 So let us see one such example where we can see that some other NGOs like society for 00:14:12.240 --> 00:14:13.560 the promotion of youth and masses. 00:14:13.560 --> 00:14:20.290 They are operating or maintaining night shelters like that so all these programs are conducted 00:14:20.290 --> 00:14:25.620 under the Delhi urban shelter improvement board DUSIB program it is under the government 00:14:25.620 --> 00:14:32.050 of NCT National Capital Territory of Delhi, so under this is one of the NGO they have 00:14:32.050 --> 00:14:37.620 been managing 16 or a night shelters where you can see some of the pictures how they 00:14:37.620 --> 00:14:38.620 sleep. 00:14:38.620 --> 00:14:43.280 Now night shelters provided for the homeless that is called the Apna ghar that is the name 00:14:43.280 --> 00:14:46.810 of the project they term. 00:14:46.810 --> 00:14:52.500 Now you can see that bunger beds and bed sheets, blankets adequate lighting, fans and coolers 00:14:52.500 --> 00:14:59.340 during the summer is given community kitchen at the select shelters also given for the 00:14:59.340 --> 00:15:06.420 taking the major meals, major food purpose and lockers for keeping valuable of guest 00:15:06.420 --> 00:15:12.720 and for themselves also given now why this is given because the night shelter is not 00:15:12.720 --> 00:15:19.970 meant for a family it is mean for basically individual persons who are basically staying 00:15:19.970 --> 00:15:26.370 in the city as the city stick dueler so therefore to enable them to have their own personalize 00:15:26.370 --> 00:15:31.940 space they can provide some amount of local facility or some amount of storage facility. 00:15:31.940 --> 00:15:37.671 Because they do not have the full house or full apartments or full units as such so they 00:15:37.671 --> 00:15:48.700 will have will be given only one bed and one space for the basic services then save drinking 00:15:48.700 --> 00:15:54.170 water and bathing water will also be given first aid and monthly medical checkups is 00:15:54.170 --> 00:15:59.870 available is some of the night shelters, now this night shelters can be link to the other 00:15:59.870 --> 00:16:08.790 government schemes like UIDAI DUY or the other numbers blotter card or bank account opening 00:16:08.790 --> 00:16:14.740 all this can be link with the night shelter programs. 00:16:14.740 --> 00:16:21.410 Now you can see is few night shelter options now the one of the major crucial issues for 00:16:21.410 --> 00:16:23.210 the night shelter its location. 00:16:23.210 --> 00:16:33.600 I told I already discussed in the last lecture that in a city if this is the city extent 00:16:33.600 --> 00:16:48.260 and this is the CBD night shelter basically required around this business district because 00:16:48.260 --> 00:16:56.860 the pigment will also the street duelers they by and large stay or stay their major time 00:16:56.860 --> 00:17:02.490 in their life around the CBD because of their livelihood situation, they cannot survive 00:17:02.490 --> 00:17:08.819 in the periphery of the city but it is difficult to get the even small pieces of land within 00:17:08.819 --> 00:17:21.189 very virility of the CBD here, therefore we might have to think about a kind of a temporary 00:17:21.189 --> 00:17:37.230 solution at night shelter I give an example that few years back when we saw that the government 00:17:37.230 --> 00:17:44.809 of Delhi they provided the abundant they converted the abundant buses DTC buses as a night shelter 00:17:44.809 --> 00:17:46.070 during the winter. 00:17:46.070 --> 00:17:54.370 Now between the winter and the summer the major problem is during summer they mostly 00:17:54.370 --> 00:18:00.649 prefer to sleep in the road they do not prefer to sleep inside any night shelter inside any 00:18:00.649 --> 00:18:07.570 structure because of the comfort reason they do not feel comfort because of there in Perrier 00:18:07.570 --> 00:18:16.400 environmental quality inside the building, so they fill they are like mostly to stay 00:18:16.400 --> 00:18:22.100 outside the house but in the winter season they have to stay in the inside the house 00:18:22.100 --> 00:18:26.480 therefore winter season the requirement of the night shelter is more. 00:18:26.480 --> 00:18:34.470 So what can be done that we can develop some kind of temporary so8ution in terms of like 00:18:34.470 --> 00:18:41.639 as I told that the buses where used for a temporary shelter option also we can think 00:18:41.639 --> 00:18:51.600 about some kind of temporary or kind of kinetic architecture solution or structure from this 00:18:51.600 --> 00:18:58.309 kind of facility we can develop or design kinetic solution which can be dismantle or 00:18:58.309 --> 00:19:03.691 which can be assembled at the some of the location during night within quick time and 00:19:03.691 --> 00:19:11.659 without talking much space in this streets alike it can take like say 3 meter by 3 meter 00:19:11.659 --> 00:19:14.780 or 3 m/ 4m minimum space like that. 00:19:14.780 --> 00:19:19.200 And within that some people can stay it is like a tent like a structure so those kind 00:19:19.200 --> 00:19:25.000 of invitee solution need to be worked out need to be design need to be promoted through 00:19:25.000 --> 00:19:33.309 various NGO s through various organizations and because other than that we cannot address 00:19:33.309 --> 00:19:40.430 the whole pigment wailers because the size and the amount the pigment will are the problems 00:19:40.430 --> 00:19:45.669 the volume of the pollen is enormous and jygenty quick and not address the problem so that 00:19:45.669 --> 00:19:56.679 is the one issue what we must address that is the location issues, the Secom issue is 00:19:56.679 --> 00:20:06.680 the since we told that it is basically for individual person. 00:20:06.680 --> 00:20:13.269 Basically designed or conceptualized for the individual person, but it becomes a problem 00:20:13.269 --> 00:20:23.330 if there are individual women or a family there could be family one or two family or 00:20:23.330 --> 00:20:24.520 broken family. 00:20:24.520 --> 00:20:30.241 So for them what this kind of people it is very difficult to, to accommodate with a with 00:20:30.241 --> 00:20:36.720 other people in the same place or the same room and also there could be physical disable 00:20:36.720 --> 00:20:44.409 people, disable persons. 00:20:44.409 --> 00:20:54.129 So this special category there is like physical disable or mentally disable or mentally retired 00:20:54.129 --> 00:21:02.269 persons can be there so for them it is very difficult to accommodate with one physical 00:21:02.269 --> 00:21:08.119 space with other people so all of them require a different kind of treatment different kind 00:21:08.119 --> 00:21:09.119 of accommodation. 00:21:09.119 --> 00:21:19.340 Probably what the women we can provide say for a night shelter designated night shelter 00:21:19.340 --> 00:21:21.240 for the women. 00:21:21.240 --> 00:21:36.360 Individual women for family we can link it with other with other slum improvement to 00:21:36.360 --> 00:21:37.360 women program. 00:21:37.360 --> 00:21:45.410 Women program like we discussed thoroughly for we have we can readable the last terms 00:21:45.410 --> 00:21:47.059 we can resettle the slums. 00:21:47.059 --> 00:21:53.450 So many models they have discussed we can link with the families distant living families 00:21:53.450 --> 00:21:59.370 with this slum improvement program in integration and physically disable and mentally retired 00:21:59.370 --> 00:22:06.169 person for them we have to design the night shelter in such a way say that it should accommodate 00:22:06.169 --> 00:22:09.340 adequate the physical disable and the mentally retired person. 00:22:09.340 --> 00:22:20.470 May be possibly for the mentally retired person we may provide special accommodation, accommodation 00:22:20.470 --> 00:22:23.560 with some amount of the counseling facility. 00:22:23.560 --> 00:22:30.010 So that they can come to the normal men stream of life and they can earn their livelihood 00:22:30.010 --> 00:22:33.659 they can grow in their life cycle. 00:22:33.659 --> 00:22:39.620 And come to the formal life cycle with the family and a happy life so that is the major 00:22:39.620 --> 00:22:48.360 issues other than the location and the typology target category around that problem or the 00:22:48.360 --> 00:22:57.070 variable what we have is the kind of the implementation. 00:22:57.070 --> 00:23:07.549 Now mostly it is begin implemented by the NGOs now there are few NGOs who are working 00:23:07.549 --> 00:23:19.320 very nicely in this sector but we need to have mechanism which will 00:23:19.320 --> 00:23:20.429 we need to develop. 00:23:20.429 --> 00:23:28.320 Which will streamline the process of maintaining and designing maintain operating night shelter 00:23:28.320 --> 00:23:36.330 of different typologies and it is standardized methods and the that we have to work out because 00:23:36.330 --> 00:23:42.660 of the absence of those kind of mechanism there are few NGOs who are working on their 00:23:42.660 --> 00:23:45.179 own initiate excellently. 00:23:45.179 --> 00:23:51.389 But there are few NGOs who are struggling who cannot do very well in this kind of situation. 00:23:51.389 --> 00:23:56.630 So implementation is always a problem because of the poor implementation of the night shelters 00:23:56.630 --> 00:24:02.009 schemes, We are sometimes unable to reach the benefit 00:24:02.009 --> 00:24:09.499 for this dells so keeping these few points in our mind you can see some of the temporal 00:24:09.499 --> 00:24:12.230 structure which are build for the, 00:24:12.230 --> 00:24:17.960 As a night shelter during the extreme to avoid that situation for short duration like one 00:24:17.960 --> 00:24:21.129 month or two month period. 00:24:21.129 --> 00:24:28.570 You can see few other projects like here you can see the how temporary structures, 00:24:28.570 --> 00:24:34.570 Are made to accommodate this kind of people here also you can see that just temporary 00:24:34.570 --> 00:24:37.540 structures with some toilet facility. 00:24:37.540 --> 00:24:47.340 It is under government of Delhi is given some few datas are given so ads a goal this is 00:24:47.340 --> 00:24:53.889 you can take a glimpse that this set of picture is that needs a designing interventions it 00:24:53.889 --> 00:25:01.260 needs a specific technology or technical input to improve its quality in terms of physical 00:25:01.260 --> 00:25:07.350 quality to improve it design quality and its overall environment quality, so that they 00:25:07.350 --> 00:25:14.700 get the maximum benefit so with this note we conclude this lecture. 00:25:14.700 --> 00:25:21.190 The next lecture will discussed the another very important aspect of the housing planning 00:25:21.190 --> 00:25:27.760 that is the old age home so before I conclude let me summarize quickly the pigment dealers 00:25:27.760 --> 00:25:32.960 from the street dealers is one of the very important apologies in our city because in 00:25:32.960 --> 00:25:37.720 the cities we have seen many people they are living on the streets or the public places 00:25:37.720 --> 00:25:42.630 or in the public terminals who does not have the formal house and who doesn’t have the 00:25:42.630 --> 00:25:43.630 capability. 00:25:43.630 --> 00:25:50.419 To afford the formal house and as a result of their various results like extreme poverty 00:25:50.419 --> 00:25:57.119 family endowment or family conflict or social conflux their sometimes force to live their 00:25:57.119 --> 00:26:04.470 actual life rural life to their urban life at their force to live in a inferred condition 00:26:04.470 --> 00:26:09.499 and they basically leave on this streets in the railway terminals ,bus terminals under 00:26:09.499 --> 00:26:16.370 the shades under the ledge and basically they alive on the public services so there can 00:26:16.370 --> 00:26:22.039 be three types of approach like shelter approach giving the shelter to the people, infrastructure 00:26:22.039 --> 00:26:23.039 approach giving. 00:26:23.039 --> 00:26:28.720 the infrastructure and services to the people and also livelihood approach giving the livelihood 00:26:28.720 --> 00:26:34.269 to this people the one of the major issues are how to integrate this three approach like 00:26:34.269 --> 00:26:39.230 shelter approach, integrated infrastructure service and approach and the livelihood approach 00:26:39.230 --> 00:26:46.429 one of the possible could be that we can design kind of a moveable shops for these people 00:26:46.429 --> 00:26:51.169 so that they can have the livelihood even in the streets and the public areas and they 00:26:51.169 --> 00:26:56.450 can on their livelihood and slowly, slowly they can developed they own house. 00:26:56.450 --> 00:27:02.249 And night shelters we discussed option of the night shelters as a shelter approach thoroughly 00:27:02.249 --> 00:27:07.700 the issues of the night shelters are basically location the typology aspect the target group 00:27:07.700 --> 00:27:13.600 various typologies are there we are right unable to fulfill all the typologies and implementation 00:27:13.600 --> 00:27:18.690 the poor Implementation of the night shelter projects, so night shelter can be updated 00:27:18.690 --> 00:27:24.190 a different typologies static moveable and it can be integrated to the livelihood options 00:27:24.190 --> 00:27:30.230 like street building and also it can be link with services are approach like. 00:27:30.230 --> 00:27:36.350 The slopes or kind of a public toilets so this kind of integrated is required and overall 00:27:36.350 --> 00:27:43.830 we need to have overall mechanism over up integrated approach and integrated stagiest 00:27:43.830 --> 00:27:49.989 and essential and for the each of the states and cities for the street dealers otherwise 00:27:49.989 --> 00:27:56.210 in isolation if we take the action it may not be successful so with is note and the 00:27:56.210 --> 00:28:02.039 spirit that sometimes we will also be able to provide shelter for the night shelter with 00:28:02.039 --> 00:28:05.799 this note we concrete this lecture thank you.